ࡱ> EY IbjbjWW oj==8B] dp p p p 0 p ˎ.h4L_HB^qp -///S||z$~- z="_zzz zzzz 8 0p p z-zDz7B  P|@M7yp p zՆ( PSUthesi for Word Users Guide A Penn State Thesis Package for Microsoft( Word( Version 1.0-R6 (Word 97) May, 1998 Documentation:This is the main Users Guide for the Penn State PSUthesi package. This document can be found in the file USERS.GDE in the HELP folder within the PSUTHESI folder. The Installation Guide is the file INSTALL.GDE. See URL: http//www.personal.psu.edu/txm/psuthesi.html  Disclaimer XE "Disclaimer" : PSUthesi will run on version 6.0 of Word for Windows(, Word 7.0 for Windows 95/NT or version 6.0 of Word for the Apple( Macintosh(. Currently there is a test version of PSUthesi for the Office 97 Suite which includes Word 97. While the author believes PSUthesi supports the requirements of the PSU Graduate School, no guarantees are given, although every attempt will be made to correct problems. Thesis writers must always confirm final drafts with the Graduate School. Table of Contents  TOC \o "1-2" Section 1: Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc410714408 \h 1 General  PAGEREF _Toc410714409 \h 1 Requirements and Resources  PAGEREF _Toc410714410 \h 2 PSUthesi Environment  PAGEREF _Toc410714411 \h 3 Section 2: Basic Text Functions  PAGEREF _Toc410714412 \h 5 Creating Thesis Text Components  PAGEREF _Toc410714413 \h 5 The Toolbox  PAGEREF _Toc410714414 \h 8 Front Matter  PAGEREF _Toc410714415 \h 11 The Body  PAGEREF _Toc410714416 \h 12 Back Matter  PAGEREF _Toc410714417 \h 13 Section 3: Bibliographies  PAGEREF _Toc410714418 \h 14 Entering your Bibliography Entries  PAGEREF _Toc410714419 \h 14 Citing your Bibliography  PAGEREF _Toc410714420 \h 15 Reorganizing Bibliography Entries  PAGEREF _Toc410714421 \h 16 Section 4: Figures, Tables and Equations  PAGEREF _Toc410714422 \h 18 Creating  PAGEREF _Toc410714423 \h 18 Options and Steps  PAGEREF _Toc410714424 \h 19 Placement Rules  PAGEREF _Toc410714425 \h 20 Table and Figure Positioning  PAGEREF _Toc410714426 \h 20 Section 5: Thesis Final STages  PAGEREF _Toc410714427 \h 23 Thesis Master Document Facility  PAGEREF _Toc410714428 \h 23 Final Printing  PAGEREF _Toc410714429 \h 25 Appendices  PAGEREF _Toc410714430 \h 29 File Names and Disk File Structure  PAGEREF _Toc410714431 \h 29 Typical File Structure  PAGEREF _Toc410714432 \h 30 Some Shortcuts Using Word  PAGEREF _Toc410714433 \h 31 Importing Text  PAGEREF _Toc410714434 \h 32 Modifying Styles and Fonts  PAGEREF _Toc410714435 \h 33 Index  PAGEREF _Toc410714436 \h 34  Section 1: Introduction General PSUthesi is a complete package for thesis writers using Microsoft Word with either Windows or Macintosh systems. PSUthesi is a collection of templates containing styles, macros, toolbars and menus to facilitate the thesis writing process. PSUthesi templates include layouts for Penn State University doctoral and masters theses and University Scholars papers. IBM versus MAC Users The discussion herein is oriented toward the IBM (Windows) jargon, but everything applies to the MAC (Macintosh) environment as well. In general, if not explicitly specified, the IBM term directory is equivalent to the MAC term folder. References to the IBM term C:\ mean the Hard Drive on the MAC. XE "Terminology"  Notation used in this Guide XE "Notation"  Notation: NotationExample[MenuBarItem] pull down [File]/(Pull Down Menu Item)[File]/(Open)[Alt+Shortcut-key][Alt+?]{button} within a dialog box{OK}, {Cancel}select thisActivate Help and Other Documentation XE "Help"  The online Help facility for PSUThesi can be accessed by [Thesis]/(Help for Psuthesi) or the shortcut [Alt+?]. The help facility includes: specific help files, the Installation Guide, this Users Guide, the Penn State Thesis Guide, tips, changes and system documentation. XE "Help"  XE "Documentation"  Reporting Problems XE "Reporting Problems"  Every attempt will be made to resolve problems and enhance the package as deemed necessary. Report problems to: Thomas Minsker Phone: (814) 865-0821 Center for Academic Computing Email: txm@psu.edu 214M Computer Building The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 Requirements and Resources  Thesis File Directory/Folder XE "Thesis:requirements"  If you have not already done so, using Explorer copy the ww97v##.exe file to the root directory on your hard drive. At the same time, create a new folder for thesis files in your root directoryfor this discussion we will call it C:\MyThesis. Now execute the archive file by double-clicking the ww97v##.exe file you copied in the previous step. You will have to reply yes four(4) times, but when this completes you will have a new folder on your hard drive called C:\Psuthesi. You are now ready to start a PSUthesi session in Word. The Thesis Settings File XE "Thesis:settings"  PSUthesi functions make decisions based on values stored in a settings file which indicate characteristics about your thesis. For example, whether you have and how to number tables. The settings file is initiated when you create your thesis directory and you can change it at any time using the (Settings Menu ) function. The settings file is stored in C:\MyThesis\PSUTHESI.INI. Files and Filenames XE "Thesis:files"  XE "Thesis:filenames"  Different portions of your thesis are and should be stored in different files for better editing efficiency. Various functions within PSUthesi assume certain components of your thesis are stored under specific file names in your thesis directory. In addition, in order that your settings are applied to these files, you should create all thesis files with [Toolbox]/(Thesis Files Menu)/New function. A list of file names by thesis type can be found in the Appendices. Templates, Styles and Macros XE "Thesis:templates"  XE "Templates"  PSUthesi comes with 5 templates and a wizard serving the following purposes: TemplatePurposePSUTHESI.DOTAll the macros and toolbars used by PSUthesiPSUNUMHD.DOTStyles for Numbered Headings and no justificationPSUNUMJY.DOTStyles for Numbered Headings and full justificationPSUSTDHD.DOTStyles for Standard Headings and no justificationPSUSTDJY.DOTStyles for Standard Headings and full justificationPSUTHESI.WIZPsuthesi Wizard used to start system each time PSUthesi Command Bar Each new session, you must start PSUthesi by using [File]/(New) and then selecting the wizard Psuthesi.wiz. After several prompts you are given the PSUthesi command menu bar:  XE "Toolbars"  XE "PSUthesi:toolbars"  XE "Thesis:toolbars"  Thesis[1] (Styles (Toolbox[2] (Chapters[3] (Biblio[4] (Mover (Master ( PSUthesi Environment The PSUthesi Command Bar Each new session, you must start PSUthesi by using [File]/(New) and then select the wizard Psuthesi.wiz. After several prompts you will be given the PSUthesi command menu bar: Thesis[1] (Styles (Toolbox[2] (Chapters[3] (Biblio[4] (Mover (Master ( Command ButtonFunctionsThesisStartup options and HelpStylesTo manually select styles by categoryToolboxAll major utilities and utility menusChaptersAll common thesis text formatting functionsBiblioUtilities related to the bibliographyMoverUtilities to Move specific objectsMasterFunctions related to a Master Document If at anytime you need to restart or clear PSUthesi, pull down [Thesis]/(Start/Clear) Thesis[1] (Styles (Toolbox[2] (Chapters[3] (Biblio[4] (Mover (Master (Start/Clear PSUthesi SessionThesis Shortcut Keys Alt+K. . .Help for PSUthesi Alt+?. . . Shortcut Keys The numbers on the command bar, for example [1], permit you to select that menu by pressing the [Alt] key and the [number] key simultaneously, instead of using the mouse. And then within the menu, the underlined letter [letter] can be pressed to select that item. For example, K would get you the shortcut key menu within the Thesis[1] menu. The total sequence would be [Alt+1];[K] (you do not type the semicolon). However, as indicated in the menu, just [ALT+K] will go directly to the shortcut key function, [Alt+?] will go to the PSUthesi Help function. [Alt+k]Function1, 2, 3, 4Thesis[1], Toolbox[2], Chapters[3], Biblio[4]AAdd some generated textBBibliography MenuCToggle Citation StyleGGraphics MenuHHeadings MenuKShortcut Keys MenuNNotes MenuPParagraph FunctionQQuotes MenuRNew ReferenceXCross(X)-Reference Function?Help? Getting Started XE "Getting Started"  XE "Starting"  If you have not installed and/or activated PSUthesi, see and/or print the PSUthesi Installation Guide which can be found in the Help subdirectory of the Psuthesi directory; the file is called INSTALL.GDE. XE "Installing PSUthesi"  XE "PSUthesi:installing"  You should peruse this entire document to see its contents and become familiar with its notation. Steps to Consider See the section on File Creation since all PSUthesi thesis files must be created using the [Thesis]/(NEW Thesis Files). If you did not set the Base Font for your thesis at initial startup, set it using the [Thesis]/(Set Thesis Base Font) before you create any files. Check to be sure your thesis characteristics [Toolbox]/(Settings Menu) are what you believe you want or expect to be, although they can be changed later Read the section on Bibliographies. You should consider entering your list of references first since you will tend to cite them in the text. If you will be using figures, tables and/or equations, see that section to explain why things happen a certain way. If you have already entered some of your thesis text in Word, do not retype it, you can and should refer to the section (and help files) on how to Import Text into PSUthesi files. If terms and jargon are unfamiliar to you, see the help document PSUthesi Glossary of Terms. Command BarMenu dialogFilenamesThesis[1] ( NEW Thesis Files (TITLPAGE.DOC TITLSIGP.DOC PERMIT.DOC SIGPAGE.DOC ABSTRACT.DOC PSUTOFCS.DOC PSULOFFS.DOC PSULOFTS.DOC ACKNOWL.DOC CHAPn.DOC PSUENOTE.DOC BIBLIO.DOC APNDn.DOC UMIABSTR.DOC YOURVITA.DOC THESIS.DOC PSUTHESI.INI  Section 2: Basic Text Functions Creating Thesis Text Components Thesis[1] (Styles (Toolbox[2] (Chapters[3] (Biblio[4] (Mover (Master (Subject Headings [Heads] Alt+H The Chapters command bar contains all the primary tools to produce various text components found in most thesis chapters and appendices. Note that almost all of the functions have shortcut keys [Alt+c].New Paragraphs [Para] Alt+PQuotes and Quotations [Quote] Alt+QFoot/Endnotes [Notes] Alt+NFigures [FigTabEqu] Alt+GTables Alt+GEquations Alt+GNew Cross-Reference [XRef] Alt+XNew Cross-File Link [Xlink]Bibliography Menu [Biblio] Alt+B While it may seem there are a lot of different components to a thesis, in fact there are really not that many and each is discussed below. XE "Heads"  XE "Subject Headings" \t "See Heads"  Subject Headings [Heads] Alt+H  A Standard Level Two Heading 3.1.4 A Numbered Level Two Heading  There is a settings option for either Standard heads or Numbered heads. Standard subject headings varying in position, width, font and style, while Numbered headings all look alike except for the initial decimal number preceding each, the number indicating the level. XE "Headings"  XE "Subject headings" \t "See Headings"  Both heading schemes still use the same function [Chapters]/(Subject Headings) to select the level of subject heading you desire. Dont be confused by the fact that a thesis level-1 headings use a Word Heading 2 style. Also, if you have selected text when invoking Heads, the selected text will be tranformed to the heading level. This is useful for importing files. XE "Heads"  New Paragraph [Para] Alt+P Paragraphs are initiated by ending the previous paragraph, pressing enter, and then pressing Tab to begin the next paragraph. Standard, double-spaced paragraphs (the Normal style) can be created using [Chapters]/(New Paragraph)], but most likely you will get used to the shortcut Alt+P. Para can also be used within a Long Quote to cause a soft line break(shift+enter), but remain in the quote. XE "Paragraphs"  XE "Paragraphs:within quotes"  Quotes and Quotations [Quote] Alt+Q  EMBED Word.Picture.8  Leading in from the end of a paragraph: A long quotation or citation is to be single-spaced, and indented from the normal paragraph mar-gins. the next paragraph may continue without the initial tab indent Direct quotes or citations which get lengthy (more than four lines or 40 words) use a layout which is obtained with [Chapters]/(Quotes and Quotations). This creates a single-spaced, block-indented paragraph using the style Body Text Indent. If you need to start a new line within the quotation, press shift-enter; to end the quotation just press enter. Note, if text is selected, Quote will transform it to the block indented layout.  XE "Quotations:long" Quote also provides options for single and double quotation marks. XE "Quotations:marks"  Foot/Endnotes [Notes] Alt+N  Footnotes and endnotes have options for numbering and placement1. _____________ 1 Footnotes are placed at the bottom of the page with a separator. A thesis can have either footnotes or endnotes, but not both. [Chapters]/ (Foot/Endnotes) will create a note reference number at the insertion pointer and then place you in insert note When you are done typing the actual note, close the note window (Normal View mode) to continue in the text. XE "Footnotes"  XE "Endnotes"  Notes are numbered from 1 to n when working in any particular chapter of your thesis, but will be numbered accordingly when the entire thesis is put together. Figures, Tables and Equations [FigTabEqu] Alt+G  XE "Figures"  XE "Tables"  XE "Equations"  See Section 4, page  PAGEREF _Ref355668246 18 on creating and placing Figures, Tables and Equations.  New Cross-Reference [XRef] Alt+X  The XRef function is used to create a cross reference to an existing item somewhere else in your text. Specifically, to a figure, table or equation and its number, or a citation in your bibliography. XE "Cross References"  XE "Citations" \t "See Cross References"  XE "XRef" \t "See Cross-references"   New Cross-File Link [Xlink]  The XLink function is also for cross-referencing, but is used when the referenced item is in another file. Both XRef fields and XLink links can be updated with [Toolbox]/(Thesis Files). Word, however, automatically updates these under certain conditions. XE "XLink"   Bibliography Menu [Biblio] Alt+B See Section 3, page  PAGEREF _Ref387631207 14 on creating and referencing your Bibliography.  XE "Biblio" \t "See Bibliography"   The Toolbox Thesis[1] (Styles (Toolbox[2] (Chapters[3] (Biblio[4] (Mover (Master (Thesis Files MenuPrinting The Toolbox provides various functional menus for files, settings, utilities and printing. There is also a collection of functions, some for very specific functions and some which work in a general fashion regardlet of the file you are working with. Note that the shortcut [Alt+A] will generate text for you from a list of quotations. This saves typing time particularly when you are just experimenting with the package.Settings MenuUtilities MenuRandom Quotation Alt+AAutotextBookmarksGoto ObjectsHide TextClear Line Shading at CursorAdd Signature at CursorFix SectionFix Tables of Contents [Toolbox]: Printing  If you use [Toolbox]/(Printing), this dialog is presented so you can change starting numbers for certain items before printing. See also Section 5 on Final Printing. XE "Printing"  XE "Tables of Contents:generating"   [Toolbox]/(Settings Menu)PSUthesi SettingsThesisActive FileDisplay/ChangeSet OptionsFonts/StylesSystemBase/Style FontToolbar Buttons [Toolbox]/(Settings Menu) is primarily used to display or change your thesis settings or fonts. If you make changes to your settings, you will want to select Update from [Toolbox]/(Thesis Files Menu) so that your changes get applied to all existing files. XE "Settings"  XE "Thesis:settings"  XE "Fonts:modifying"  XE "Styles:modifying"  [Toolbox]: Thesis Files Menu Update is used for a number of file related functions, including swapping files, inserting files and updating when you get a new version of the PSUthesi software. Fields/Links will update all cross-references and/or field and link values in the active document. XE "Files:updating"  XE "Files:inserting"  XE "Files:swapping"  XE "Fields:updating"  XE "Links:updating"   Front Matter XE "Files:front matter"  XE "Files:filenames"  XE "Front matter"  FilesDoctorsMasters ScholarsTITLPAGETITLPAGETITLSIGPSIGPAGEPERMITABSTRACTABSTRACTSIGPAGEPSUTOFCSPSUTOFCSABSTRACTACKNOWLACKNOWLPSUTOFCSACKNOWL Title Page XE "Title Page"  (TITLPAGE.DOC or TITLSIGP.DOC) When a title page is created, lines which require editing on your part are shaded along with a description of what should appear on each line. Edit the information for a given line, and with the insertion pointer still on the line, select (Clear Line Shading at Cursor) from the [Toolbox]. Permission to Copy XE "Permission to Copy"  (PERMIT.DOC) This is for a Masters thesis only and should require no editing. Signature Page XE "Signature Page"  (SIGPAGE.DOC or TITLSIGP.DOC) The signature page is generated with the appropriate number of signatures based on your settings value for committee members. You must edit the professorial information for each committee member. If you need to add another signature, press the (Add Signature at Cursor) from the [Toolbox]. Abstract XE "Abstract"  (ABSTRACT.DOC) Select the text Start here ... and replace it with the text you want for your thesis abstract. Tables of Contents XE "Tables of Contents"  (PSUTOFCS.DOC, PSULOFFS.DOC, PSULOFTS.DOC) Depending on your settings you could eventually require three front-matter files, Table of Contents (PSUTOFCS.DOC), List of Figures (PSULOFFS.DOC) and List of Tables (PSULOFTS.DOC). The contents of these files is generated by Word using the Master Document discussed later. XE "Figures:List of"  XE "Tables:List of"  Contents files can also be generated using the (Printing) option from the [Toolbox]. Acknowledgements XE "Acknowledgements"  (ACKNOWL.DOC) Select the text Start here ... and replace it with the text you want for your thesis acknowledgements. The Body XE "Files:body"  XE "Files:filenames"  XE "Body"  FilesDoctorsMasters ScholarsCHAPnCHAPnCHAPnPSUENOTEPSUENOTEPSUENOTE Chapters XE "Chapters"  (CHAPn.DOC) Chapter files, of course are the heart of your thesis. In general, chapters can be worked on independently, in that the Chapter number is retained with the chapter. Therefore, should you have chosen to number tables or figures by chapter, they will be numbered correctly while working on any given chapter (see section Figures, Tables and Equations). If you specified endnotes to be placed at the end of chapters, they will be generated there automatically. The most notable difference in thesis chapter formats is related to your choice of heading style, Standard or Numbered, which is done in you settings. Illustrated below are first- and second-level headings in the two differing formats. XE "Headings"  SamplesEffectsExample of a Standard Level-1 Heading Example of a Standard Level-2 Heading Centered, Bold and Underlined Centered and Bold3.1 Example of a Numbered Level-1 Heading 3.1.1 Example of a Numbered Level-2 Heading Left, Numbered, Bold, Underlined Endnotes XE "Endnotes"  at End (PSUENOTE.DOC) If you choose to use endnotes, and place them at the end of the thesis, The endnotes will appear at the end of chapters when working on any given single chapter. But, when a master document is created the endnotes will all appear following the last chapter and before the bibliography. Back Matter XE "Files:back matter"  XE "Files:filenames"  XE "Back Matter"  FilesDoctorsMasters ScholarsBIBLIOBIBLIOBIBLIOAPNDnAPNDnAPNDnUMIABSTRYOURVITA Bibliography XE "Bibliography"  (BIBLIO.DOC) Because different disciplines use such varying formats for a list of references, PSUthesi simply provides a mechanism for creating one reference format, including imbedded citations, but styles are used so that you can easily change the format. Use [Biblio]/(Add New Reference) or [Alt+R] to create a reference in you bibliography. While typing the reference, use [Biblio]/(Citation On/Off) or [Alt+C] as a toggle to begin and end the actual citation. At the end of the item use [Biblio]/(Cross Reference Text) XE "XRefText" \t "See Cross-references, Bibliography"  for cross referencing. XE "Cross References"  See modifying styles discussed later, to change the styles used for references, BibReference and BibCitation, respectively producing: Becker, Howard S. Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Becker 1986 Appendices XE "Appendices"  (APNDn.DOC) Appendices have the same basic structure as chapter files except the title is APPENDIX A, APPENDIX B etc. PSUthesi will detect the the special case when you have only one appendix, in which case there is no associated letter with the appendix - it is just APPENDIX. If you have numbered headings, or tables and/or figures numbered by chapter, if any appear in appendices, they will begin with the letter of the Appendix, e.g., Table A-1 and heading A.2.1. UMI Abstract XE "UMI Abstract"  XE "UMI Abstract"  XE "Abstract"  (UMIABSTR.DOC) Doctoral theses require a UMI Abstract which generally contains much of the same prose found in the thesis abstract. PSUthesi generates the layout for the UMI Abstract and generally you can copy and paste from you original abstract file. Vita XE "Vita"  (YOURVITA.DOC) For doctoral theses a vita is required, but can be in outline or narritive format. The file created by PSUthesi does not choose one format or the other, but simply informs you of what information should be supplied. Section 3: Bibliographies XE "Bibliographies"  This section describes the tools available for citing sources in your bibliography (not a discussion of footnotes or endnotes). PSUthesi provides three schemes, one of which you choose in your settings. One scheme is an author-date system (Smith 1982, p.276) and another is citing by a number assigned in a list [21, 34]. These two schemes use a separate file (BIBLIO) for the entries and the file is placed at the end of the thesis. If you are going to use one of these schemes, you should consider entering your known entries into the bibliography in the early stages (explained shortly). The ordered scheme at the end of each chapter, lists entries in the order they are referenced within the chapter.  XE "Bibliography:author-date scheme"  XE "Bibliography:numbered scheme"  XE "Bibliography:ordered scheme"  Important: The order in which you list sources in your bibliography varies widely among academic disciplines. Therefore, PSUthesi has no facility for sorting or ordering the entries - you place them in the order you desire. XE "Bibliography:order of entries"  PSUthesi, however, does make it easy for you to move entries around once they are in your list of references. Entering your Bibliography Entries XE "Bibliography:entries"  As mentioned above, you must order your entries by keying them in at the appropriate location within the list (or move them later). Create and/or open the file BIBLIO.DOC to enter your list of sources. The actual sequence for an entry will now be discussed, by example, using the following entry. Note an entry typically has three parts: author, title, and facts. (1) author (2) title (3) facts (4) (5) Brown, John. Copyright: A Survey. Chicago: Midway Press, 1969.Brown 1969 Thesis[1] (Styles (Toolbox[2] (Chapters[3] (Biblio[4] (Mover (Master (Add New Reference Altr+R Steps to Create an Reference Entry ___ 3-Em DashCitation within Reference Alt+CCross Reference Text [XrefText]Move Reference ItemPaste Reference ItemBibliography Menu [Biblio] Alt+B Position the insertion pointer in the entry preceding the one you want to create, then using [Biblio]: Select (Add New Reference) or just [Alt+R] on the toolbar and begin typing the author portion. When you reach the title portion, select (Citation within Reference) or just [Alt+C]. This will begin underlining the title (italics require a style change, discussed later). When you reach the end of the title, press [Alt+C] again (this functions as a toggle), and continue on with the facts portion. When you reach the end of the entry, Select [Biblio]/(Cross Reference Text), XRefText, to enter the cross reference information and/or bookmark (Author-date and Numbered schemes only, see below). If you want to enter another entry, repeat the process from step 1. Using XRefText with Author-Date and Numbered Schemes When you reach step 4 above you are about to enter hidden text and/or a bookmark which will be used at points in your text where you want to cite this source. When you actually select [Biblio]/(XRefText), it first selects the entry at the insertion pointer and asks you if you want to add the reference. This is done in case you already have keyed in your bibliography and are now adding the cross referencing information. An affirmative response results in: XE "Bibliography:cross references"  XE "Cross References"  You actually key in the text Brown 1969 and add a unique bookmark name on the end of Bib_, BrownJ1. Note, for the bookmark name, you might have multiple entries for John Brown, thus the 1, and/or you might have mutiple authors named Brown, thus the J, yielding the choice of Bib_BrownJ1.  Brown, John. Copyright: A Survey. Chicago: Midway Press, 1969.Brown 1969 If you are using a Numbered referencing system, you will not be able to enter referencing text, but rather only a bookmark which will cite the entry by its number, e.g. 14. 14. Brown, John. Copyright: A Survey. Chicago: Midway Press, 1969. 14 Citing your Bibliography Now, why have we entered all this information with XRefText? Keep in mind, when you are working within chapter files, your list of sources is not in the same file (except Ordered), so we need a way to cross reference them when they are in separate files and when all the files are combined into a master document. To do this, you must use the (Bibliography Menu) or [Alt+B] function which can be found in both the [Chapters] and [Biblio] menu commands. Using Bibliography Menu or XRef [Chapters]/ New Cross-ReferenceChapters]/(Bibilography Menu) Borden Michael and the reason Brown, John. Brown, John.  knowingly Press, 1969.  When you find the reference you want, simply select it (e.g., Bib_BrownJ1) and press {OK}. The reference text (author-date) or the entrys number (numbered) will then be copied to the reference point in the chapter file using a Word Link. If however, you are not sure which reference you want or you need to add an entry, then select {Browse} and get the message: Find desired citation and place insertion pointer within it. Then press XRef again.  When you find (or create) the desired entry and press XRef, it copies the reference text to the chapter file as a link and places you back in the chapter at that position. Reorganizing Bibliography Entries Using MoveRef and PasteRef To move an entry within your bibliography, use [Biblio]/(Move Reference Item). Be sure the insertion pointer is somewhere within the entry you want to move. XE "Bibliography:order of"  BIBLIOGRAPHY Borden, Mi and the Brown, Johess, 1969.Brown, Joh The first two choices are obvious in that they swap two adjacent entries. Thus, the Brown entry could be moved before Borden or after the other Brown entry. If you choose Elsewhere, the highlighted entry is cut from the list awaiting you to find and position the insertion pointer at its new location.You do this by locating the entry which either precedes or follows the new location and then select (Paste Reference Item) from [Biblio]. BIBLIOGRAPHY Borden, Mi and the Brown, JohBurton, Sa, 1984. Changing the Styles and Layout The actual formatted layout of entries is shown below, but each can be changed to another format by altering the styles BibReference and BibCitation. To modify these styles, select and follow the steps in Change Thesis Style found in the (Settings Menu) within the [Toolbox]. Author-DateNumberedMinsker, Thomas. PSUthesi Users Guide. Penn State University, 1998.Minsker, Thomas. PSUthesi Users Guide. Penn State University, 1998. The key points to know about the styles used is that BibReference is a paragraph style which defines the layout of the entire entry, thus a single-spaced entry with a hanging indent. BibCitation is a character style used for the title portion only, thus the underlining. Finally, note that you do not need to modify anything about numbering. This is done automatically. Section 4: Figures, Tables and Equations XE "Figures"  XE "Tables"  XE "Equations"  Creating Figures, Tables, Equations [FigTabEqu] Alt+G [Alt+G] provides a menu to options for Figures, Tables and Equations, FigTabEqu This can also be obtained by selecting [Chapters] and then any one of the three options (Figures), (Tables) or (Equations).  Whenever you are creating the definition for one these items, you should actually place the insertion pointer at its first reference point (for example, at ... see Figure 1 ...), then press [Alt+G] for the menu above and create the entity desired. Actually, you do not even type the reference (i.e. Figure 1). When you create a figure (or table), PSUthesi generates the reference at the insertion pointer automatically and places the figure (table) at the end of the file (explained why later). FigTabEqu also prompts for the caption which is automatically placed in the Caption Lists in the front matter of your thesis. Additional references to these items are generated using [Chapters]/(New Cross Reference). If you use these functions appropriately, then all figures, tables and equations, and their respective references will be numbered appropriately in your final thesis and the List of Tables and List of Figures sections in the front matter cam be automatically created. 14 At the first point of reference to a figure/table you select what you want to create see Figure 1. . . .Do not type in Figure 1, just place the insertion pointer and then select FigTabEqu and create the figure reference (here) and the definition at the end of the file. 15 Display equations (9) are placed at the end of the paragraph in when the equation is defined. X2 + Y2 (9) Numbered and Unnumbered display equations are placed at the end of the current paragraph where the insertion pointer is when the equation is created.. . .. . . 27 Figure goes here ... Figure 1: With its caption The item is actually placed at the end of the document on a page by itself with horizontal rules above and below.  Options and Steps XE "Figures"  XE "Tables"  XE "Equations"  The steps are similar when creating all new items, but we will illustrate the steps here by creating a table: Position the insertion pointer in the text where you want Table #, that is, where you want the first reference to Table # to appear. Select [Chapters]/(FigTabEqu), then the Table button at the top of the dialog, and then Create STANDARD Table in the dialog window, and finally {OK}. After a short delay, a Caption Dialog appears where you should type in the entire caption for the Table. Note: This is eventually the text which appears in the List of Tables section of your thesis. Enter Table Caption TextType entire caption as you wish it to appear both here in the Figure/Table and in the List of Figures/Tables.CaptionCancelOK After you enter the caption text, a table definition area is generated at the end of the document, along with its caption, and a reference to the table is generated where the insertion pointer originally was. You are then given the option to go to either place. TableTable definition has been placed at the end of the document.Go to Table Reference PointGo to Table Definition PointCancel Assume you had gone to the Definition point and actually entered the contents of the table. When you are finished (or at any other time), select [Toolbox]/(Bookmarks) and you will find among the bookmarks a pointer to the last Table reference and its definition. Selecting either one will immediately move to that part of the document. PSUthesi Current BookmarksGo To;. . . TableLastCreated_CHAPn TableReferenceLastCreated_CHAPn . . . Placement Rules Placing tables and figures in text. To make it easy for your readers to find tables or figures, place a table or figure immediately after the first mention of it in the text--on the same page if there is room, or on the following page. Alternatively, you may group tables and/or figures together at the end of each chapter. Tables or figures of peripheral importance to the text may be placed in an appendix. All tables and figures must be referred to in the text by number (not by a phrase such as the following table). Table and Figure Positioning XE "Figures:moving"  XE "Figures:placement"  XE "Tables:placement"  XE "Tables:moving"  Thesis[1] (Styles (Toolbox[2] (Chapters[3] (Biblio[4] (Mover (Master (Move Figure [Mover] to move objects. Move TableMove EquationPaste FigTabEquMove Reference ItemPaste Reference Item Why Tables and Figures Require Placement When you create tables and figures, PSUthesi places them at the end of the Chapter (or Appendix) as a new Word Section beginning on a new page. Tables and figures are supposed to reside on a page by themselves on the first available page following the first reference to them. Word, however, does not have a facility to wrap text around a table or figure when it occupies a whole page. If the table/figure were initially placed on the page following its reference, as you edit the text two problems arise: 151617This is a text page which refers to Table 1, but text added caused overflow to the next page wherethe table is supposed to be.---------------- Table 1 ----------------Wrong! 151617This is a text page which refers to Table 1, but text is removed. ---------------- Table 1 ----------------Some of this would fit on the bottom of page 15Wrong! Place the insertion pointer somewhere inside the table and select [Mover]/ (Move Table). The entire range of the table is selected (highlighted) and then you chose from the moving options: PSUthesi MoverMove to Page following First ReferenceCut and Locate First ReferenceMove to End of DocumentMoveCopyDeleteOKCancel Selecting the default Move to Page following First Reference choice would yield the correct results shown below. Note, if you prefer to keep tables (or figures) near their first reference, and encounter either problem, you can simply repeat the process as needed. 151617This is a text page which refers to Table 1, but text added caused overflow to the next page where---------------- Table 1 ----------------the table is supposed to be.Corrected! 151617This is a text page which refers to Table 1, but text is removed. Some of this would fit on the ---------------- Table 1 ----------------bottom of page 15Corrected! There is one other situation which might occur where you have nearby references but the entities are out of order. In the example below the table and figure pages should be switched. To perform the switch select the Table or figure with [Chapters]/(FigTabEqu), ... 151617This is a text page which refers to Table 1, and also Figure 3. on the same page. ---------------- Figure 3 -------------------------------- Table 1 | ---------------- and then Move to Page following First Reference and you will encounter this message giving you the choice: PSUthesi MoverFigure or Table already on this page.Place Clipboard item Before it.Place Clipboard item After it.OKCancel Some changes can be made to figures and tables using the [Toolbox]/(Utilities Menu) after you have positioned the insertion pointer inside the figure or table. XE "Utilities"  PSUthesi Utilities MenuGeneral:Figures and Tables.. . .OKCancel Section 5: Thesis Final STages Thesis Master Document Facility XE "Thesis:master documents"  XE "Master documents"  Thesis[1] (Styles (Toolbox[2] (Chapters[3] (Biblio[4] (Mover (Master (View Subdocs [Master] Master Documents Open SubdocView ModeFix SectionTables of ContentsCreate Master Document Why Use a Master Document A Master Document is a facility within Word whereby you can better organize the components associated with a large document. However, you should consult the documentation to understand how you change subdocuments of a Master Document. Although not a requirement when using PSUthesi, the primary reasons you would want to use the Master Document facility is so you can automate cross-reference numbering, page numbering, and table(s) of contents without any intervention. If you run out of memory, however, you may have to print without a Master document which does require some intervention (see Final Printing). Creating a Master Document (THESIS.DOC) XE "Master documents:creating"  XE "Files:creating"  To create a thesis master document, select [Master]/(Create Master Document), then select Master Document in the Other category and {OK}. This will take a while to generate. Important: all thesis files, based on your Settings, should exist before creating the Master Document, a file named THESIS.DOC. You can work on individual files of your thesis either by opening the file as you normally would or by opening THESIS.DOC and then opening a subdocument (file) by double clicking the subdocument icon or by positioning the insertion pointer in the subdocument and selecting [Master]/(Open Subdoc). Master Document Toolbar ( Subdocument Icon (  Final Printing XE "Printing"  Steps Before Final Printing Select [Toolbox]/(Settings Menu) and in the Thesis category select Display Settings and {OK} to be sure you final settings agree with your thesis. If you have made changes to your settings after you have created your thesis files, you probably should Update your files using [Toolbox]/(Thesis Files Menu) . Particularly for chapters and appendices. The Update option has an choice to update all files. Make sure you have created all required files, based on your thesis settings. In chapters and appendices where you have figures, tables or equations, make sure they are all positioned correctly with respect to their first reference (see Table and Figure Placement). Printing from a Master Document XE "Printing:from master document"  XE "Master documents:printing from"  If you use the Master Document facility, the pagination should be correct. All you need do is select [Master]/(Tables of Contents) , and select all required front matter contents items to be generated: XE "Tables of Contents:generating"  PSUthesiCheck all desired itemsGenerate Table of ContentsGenerate List of FiguresGenerate List of TablesOKCancel Printing without a Master Document XE "Printing:manually"  XE "Master documents:printing without"  Printing can be performed without using a Master Document but requires a little more work on your part. In general here is what you must do: Print your thesis files in a certain order using [Toolbox]/(Printing) so you can change certain numbers related to each chapter, etc. Use the {Copy Contents at Cursor} button after Printing to copy generated contents for each chapter file to another PSUthesi file already created. XE "Tables of Contents:copying"  Manually number the pages in the front matter as you print them. File Page #1st Page Numbered Default TofC LofF LofT OtherCHAP1-nPrevious + 1OptionalNoYesYesYesPSUENOTELast CHAPn + 1OptionalYesYesOptionalBIBLIOLast CHAPn + 1OptionalNoYesAPND1-nPrevious + 1OptionalNoYesYesYesTITLPAGE1NoNoSIGPAGE2NoNoABSTRACT3YesYesPSUTOFCSABSTRACT + 1YesYesFixTocPSULOFFSPSUTOFCS + 1YesYesFixTocPSULOFTSPSULOFFS + 1YesYesFixTocACKNOWLPSULOFTS + 1YesYesYes Here are the steps: XE "Printing:manually"  XE "Printing"  Open file PSUTOFCS.DOC (Table of Contents) and, if applicable the files PSULOFFS.DOC (List of Figures) and PSULOFTS.DOC (List of Tables). Open next file to be processed, (e.g., CHAP1, then CHAP2, .). Position figures/tables if you havent already and Save the file. Invoke [Toolbox]/(Printing) and fill in the appropriate numbers/options when available. Select {OK}, and then {OK} (to Print) again, and then while printing: Move to the end of the file and find each generated Contents file, and select (Printing) again, then {Copy Contents at Cursor} to the respective PSUthesi Contents files. XE "Tables of Contents:copying"  Save the current Contents files updated in step 6, but do not save the chapter file. Select [Toolbox]/(Bookmarks) and go to the bookmark Endof_CHAPn or whatever file. Select (Printing) again and then {Show Numbering at Cursor} to determine the last Page number and the last Figure/Table numbers if applicable. Note: the last figure and table numbers can also be determined from the List of files. Close, but do NOT Save the thesis file and go to step 2. CHAPn.DOC Chapter # CHAPTER TITLEPSUENOTE.DOC:::::::End of Section::::::::(NOTESIf endnotes are used they are( . . .generated here:::::::End of Section::::::::PSULOFTS.DOC(These are generated at theLIST OF TABLESend of each file)( . . .Table 4: The caption( . . .PSUTOFCS.DOCCHAPTER TITLETABLE OF CONTENTSOther Headings(( . . . After all files are processed, go to the document PSUTOFCS.DOC (Table of Contents). Then select [Toolbox]/(Fix Tables of Contents). When the processing is done, Save the file and Close it. XE "Tables of Contents:fixing"  Repeat step 1 for the file PSULOFFS.DOC (List of Figures), if applicable. XE "List of Figures" \t "See Tables of Contents"  Repeat step 1 for the file PSULOFTS.DOC (List of Tables), if applicable. XE "List of Tables" \t "See Tables of Contents"  PrintingPSUthesi Print Active DocumentStart Page Numbering at:1(Check if wanted)Start Footnote Numbering at:1Table of ContentsStart Figure Numbering at:List of FiguresStart Table Numbering at:1List of tablesStart Equation Numbering at:(re)Generate OnlyCancelPrintCopy Contents at CursorShow Numbering at Cursor Appendices File Names and Disk File Structure XE "Files:filenames"  XE "Thesis:filenames"  XE "Thesis:files"   (PsuThesi Diskette(((HARD DRIVE(PSUThesiHelp(Help Files, Documents and GuidesTemplate(PSUTHESI.DOTPSUNUMHD.DOT(((Word((((PSUNUMJY.DOTPSUSTDHD.DOT(PSUSTDJY.DOT(PSUTBARG.DOTMyThesisPSUTBART.DOT  ( Thesis FilenameFile ContentsPhd, Masters and ScholarsTITLPAGE.DOCTitle PageP, MTITLSIGP.DOCTitle Signature PageSPERMIT.DOCPermission to Copy PageMSIGPAGE.DOCSignatureP, MABSTRACT.DOCAbstractAllPSUTOFCS.DOCTable of ContentsAllPSULOFFS.DOCList of FiguresAll (if applicable)PSULOFTS.DOCList of TablesAll (if applicable)ACKNOWL.DOCAcknowledgementsAllCHAPn.DOCChapter nAllPSUENOTE.DOCEndnotes at EndAll (if applicable)BIBLIO.DOCBibliographyAllAPNDn.DOCAppendix nAllUMIABSTR.DOCMicrofilm AbstractPYOURVITA.DOCVitaPTHESIS.DOCPSUthesi Master DocumentAll (optional)PSUTHESI.INIYour Settings fileAll (required) Typical File Structure XE "Files:structure"  All thesis files created using ThesisFiles(New) have a structure similiar to that illustrated below. As indicated you should not alter any hidden text, nor delete any bookmarks created by PSUthesi. Typical Chapter File 1 2 3 4 5 6PSUthesi: This is [CHAPTER 3] DO NOT ALTER! Chapter 3 CHAPTER TITLE Chapter starts here. When you use Xref to a bibliography source (Minsker 1995, p. 14) and/or Table 1 . . . .............................................. . . . (Do not type text in this document beyond here) ::::::::::::::::: End of Section ::::::::::::: ______________________________________________ Table 1: This is a table caption . . . ______________________________________________ ::::::::::::::::: End of Section ::::::::::::: Hidden Xref Page break Endof_CHAP3 Tables and Figures at the end of the file Section Hidden Heading 1 to set chapter number - do not change, copy or delete this line. Cross references are automated when an entity is created or when you use the XRef function. The screen indicator for a Word soft page break. An Endof_CHAPn bookmark is automatically created and used by functions in PSUthesi. Tables and Figures which were placed at the end of the document but not yet moved to their reference point. The screen indicator for a Word soft section break. Some Shortcuts Using Word In case you are not familiar with some of the short-cuts in Word, here are a few tips to improve productivity. The left mouse button(L) can be used to position or select text or items. A single-click in a paragraph positions the insertion pointer. A double-click selects the word. A triple-click selects the paragraph. The right mouse button(R) will display an in-context shortcut menu. Position the pointer and single-click(R) to display menu. Single-click(R) again to clear the menu. Single-click(L) left button to select item from the menu. If you want to replace text, select it, and then type the replacement. If you have selected text you want to delete, press Ctrl-X. If you want to repeat the last action you did, press Ctrl-Y. The curved arrows left/right on the standard toolbar can undo/redo the last action(s) you performed. The Home key takes you to the beginning of the line. The End key takes you to the end of the line. Ctrl-( and Ctrl-( move to the previous/next paragraph, respectively. Importing Text XE "Importing Text"  DO NOT retype thesis text you have already entered in Word. You can convert existing text to PSUthesi format by using the following steps, shown by example with a Chapter file: Suppose you have entered text for Chapter 1 using standard Word formatting. Use [Thesis]/(New Thesis Files) to create a PSUthesi Chapter 1 (or some number). Cut the Start here ... text line (3) in the file just created. Now pull down the [Insert] to (File) and locate the predefined file C:\PSUTHESI\HELP\IMPORT.DOC and then select {OK}. BeforeAfter1 2 Chapter 1 REPLACE THIS WITH TITLEChapter 1 THIS IS AN IMPORT TEXT TUTORIAL3 Start Here... Assume this file is equivalent4 5 6 7 Chapter This is an Import Text Tutorial Assume this file is equivalent to a file you have already written for your thesisto a file you have already written for your thesis . . . A Subject Heading If you can not see the paragraph markers, click the Show/Hide button . Chapter Title: Go to the top of the document and select lines (2-5) and cut them. Select the This is an Import Text Tutorial line, remove the bolding and the centering, then perform Heads using [Alt+H], choose Chapter Title and then {OK}. Other Subject Headings: Repeat this process for the A Subject Heading line further down in the file, except select Heading 1 instead of Chapter Title from the Heads dialog. Extraneous Paragraph Marks: Move the insertion pointer to the top of the file, pull down [Edit] to (Replace), then Special and select Paragraph Mark. Move to the Replace With field, and clear the field so it is empty, then select Find Next. If you are on an empty paragraph (nothing but ) select Replace, else select Find Next until you reach the end of the document, then Close. Starting Paragraphs: Now, repeat this process, except for Find What enter (3 blanks), and for Replace With, select Special, then select Tab Character and Replace only leading blanks on paragraphs. (After) Modifying Styles XE "Styles"  XE "Styles:modifying"  and Fonts XE "Fonts:modifying"  Every textual component of your thesis is formatted using a style, and each reoccurence of the same component uses the same style. Thus, changing the style will change the text everywhere it is used provided the steps described below are used. In general, there shouldnt be a need to modify styles, but some disciplines may require you do so. Common style changes can made selecting Change Thesis Style from [Toolbox]/(Settings Menu). Changing the Base Font You can always modify the default base font you wish to use for your thesis [Thesis]/(Set Thesis Base Font)! XE "Fonts:changing default"  Modify Styles Manually Suppose you want to change the BibCitation style to use italics instead of underlining. While in BIBLIO.DOC, pull down to [Format]/(Style). In the Styles window, find and highlight BibCitation, then {Modify}. Important: In the Modify Style dialog, on the assumption you would want the style applied to the entire thesis, you would check the bottom item of the menu Add to Template box Now, pull down {Format} to the area(s) you wish to change, Font (generally you would change Font and/or Paragraph). In the Font dialog, change the Underline window to (none), and select Italic in the Font Style window, then select {OK}. Returning to the Modify Style dialog, select {OK}. And returning to the Styles dialog, select {Apply}. This style change would result in: Brown, John. Copyright: A Survey. Chicago: Midway Press, 1969. becoming Brown, John. Copyright: A Survey. Chicago: Midway Press, 1969. If you want to know what style applies to what text, move the insertion pointer within the text and look at the style name in the styles window on the toolbar. Microsoft Word File . . .style name (font name ( (BIU . . . Here are a list of the components and respective styles which are more likely to be changed, if at all. Style NameComponent XE "Styles:modify list" BibReference BibCitation CaptionLabel EquationCaption Footnote Text Endnote Text Title SubtitleLayout for entire Bibliographic reference Citation portion of BibReference Figure # and Table # portion of Captions (#) portion of Equation Captions Style to layout Footnotes Style to Layout Endnotes Special titles which appear in Table of Contents Titles which do not appear in Table of Contents  XE "Documents" \t "See Files"  Index  INDEX \c "3"  Abstract, 9, 11 Acknowledgements, 9 Appendices, 11 Back Matter, 11 Biblio. See Bibliography Bibliographies, 12 Bibliography, 11 author-date scheme, 12 cross references, 13 entries, 12 numbered scheme, 12 order of, 14 order of entries, 12 ordered scheme, 12 Body, 10 Chapters, 10 Citations. See Cross References Cross References, 6, 11, 13 Disclaimer, 1 Documentation, 1 Documents. See Files Endnotes, 6, 10 Equations, 6, 16, 17 Fields updating, 8 Figures, 6, 16, 17 List of, 9 moving, 18 placement, 18 Files back matter, 11 body, 10 creating, 21 filenames, 9, 10, 11, 24 front matter, 9 inserting, 8 structure, 25 swapping, 8 updating, 8 Fonts changing default, 28 modifying, 8, 28 Footnotes, 6 Front matter, 9 Getting Started, 4 Headings, 5, 10 Heads, 5 Help, 1 Importing Text, 27 Installing PSUthesi, 4 Links updating, 8 List of Figures. See Tables of Contents List of Tables. See Tables of Contents Master documents, 21 creating, 21 printing from, 22 printing without, 22 Notation, 1 Paragraphs, 5 within quotes, 5 Permission to Copy, 9 Printing, 8, 22, 23 from master document, 22 manually, 22, 23 PSUthesi installing, 4 toolbars, 2 Quotations long, 6 marks, 6 Reporting Problems, 1 Settings, 8 Signature Page, 9 Starting, 4 Styles, 28 modify list, 28 modifying, 8, 28 Subject headings. See Headings Subject Headings. See Heads Tables, 6, 16, 17 List of, 9 moving, 18 placement, 18 Tables of Contents fixing, 23 Tables of Contents, 9 copying, 22, 23 generating, 8, 22 Templates, 2 Terminology, 1 Thesis filenames, 2, 24 files, 2, 24 master documents, 21 requirements, 2 settings, 2, 8 templates, 2 toolbars, 2 Title Page, 9 Toolbars, 2 UMI Abstract, 11 Utilities, 20 Vita, 11 XLink, 7 XRef. See Cross-references XRefText. See Cross-references, Bibliography  PAGE 30 PAGE 3 PAGE 30 PAGE 27 C:\ MyThesis . . . 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_Toc327594699 _Toc327847996 _Toc355172750 _Toc410714408 Introduction _Toc322224195 _Toc322224544 _Toc322233158 _Toc322242549 _Toc322334023 _Toc322426730 _Toc323086346 _Toc323431877 _Toc323546096 _Toc323608661 _Toc326978052 _Toc327593917 _Toc327594700 _Toc327847997 _Toc355172751 _Toc410714409 _Toc322233161 _Toc322242552 _Toc322334025 _Toc322426732 _Toc323086348 _Toc322233162 _Toc322242553 _Toc322334026 _Toc322426733 _Toc323086349 _Toc321716317 _Toc321716342 _Toc321716402 _Toc321717591 _Toc321733701 _Toc322157207 _Toc322224196 _Toc322224545 _Toc322233163 _Toc322242554 _Toc322334027 _Toc322426734 _Toc323086350 _Toc323431878 _Toc323546097 _Toc323608662 _Toc326978053 _Toc327593918 _Toc327594701 _Toc327847998 _Toc355172752 _Toc410714410GeneralRequirements _Toc319891079 _Toc319994961 _Toc320004614 _Toc320004668 _Toc320009936 _Toc320508730 _Toc320508825 _Toc321642273 _Toc322233165 _Toc322242556 _Toc322334029 _Toc322426736 _Toc323086352 _Toc319891080 _Toc319994962 _Toc320004615 _Toc320004669 _Toc320009937 _Toc320508731 _Toc320508826 _Toc321642274 _Toc322233166 _Toc322242557 _Toc322334030 _Toc322426737 _Toc323086353 _Toc319891081 _Toc319994963 _Toc320004616 _Toc320004670 _Toc320009938 _Toc320508732 _Toc320508827 _Toc321642275 _Toc322233168 _Toc322242559 _Toc322334032 _Toc322426739 _Toc323086354 _Toc321642276 _Toc322233170 _Toc322242561 _Toc322334034 _Toc322426741 _Toc323086356 _Toc321642270 _Toc321710128 _Toc321710325 _Toc321710410 _Toc321710750 _Toc321716320 _Toc321716345 _Toc321716405 _Toc321717594 _Toc321733704 _Toc322157210 _Toc322224200 _Toc322224549 _Toc322233174 _Toc322242565 _Toc322334038 _Toc322426745 _Toc323086360 _Toc323431881 _Toc323546100 _Toc323608665 _Toc326978056 _Toc327593919 _Toc327594702 _Toc327847999 _Toc355172753 _Toc410714411 Environment _Toc327848000 _Toc355172754GettingStarted _Toc321710326 _Toc321710411 _Toc321710751 _Toc321716321 _Toc321716346 _Toc321716406 _Toc321717595 _Toc321733705 _Toc322157211 _Toc322224201 _Toc322224550 _Toc322233175 _Toc322242566 _Toc322334039 _Toc322426746 _Toc323086361 _Toc323431882 _Toc323546101 _Toc323608667 _Toc326978058 _Toc327593921 _Toc327594703 _Toc327848001 _Toc355172755 _Toc410714412ThesisFileCreation _Toc322426748 _Toc323086363 _Toc323431884 _Toc323546103 _Toc323608669 _Toc326978060 _Toc327593923 _Toc327594705 _Toc327848003 _Toc355172757 _Toc410714413 _947317762 OLE_LINK1 _Toc410714414 _Toc322224552 _Toc322233178 _Toc322242569 _Toc322334042 _Toc322426757 _Toc323086372ThesisFrontMatter _Toc323431885 _Toc323546104 _Toc323608670 _Toc326978061 _Toc327593924 _Toc327594706 _Toc327848004 _Toc355172759 _Toc410714415 _Toc319891096 _Toc320004632 _Toc322242570 _Toc322334043 _Toc322426758 _Toc323086373 _Toc322242571 _Toc322334044 _Toc322426759 _Toc323086374 _Toc319891097 _Toc320004633 _Toc322242572 _Toc322334045 _Toc322426760 _Toc323086375 _Toc319891098 _Toc320004634 _Toc322242573 _Toc322334046 _Toc322426761 _Toc323086376 _Toc319891099 _Toc320004635 _Toc322242574 _Toc322334047 _Toc322426762 _Toc323086377 _Toc319891100 _Toc320004636 _Toc322242575 _Toc322334048 _Toc322426763 _Toc323086378 _Toc319891101 _Toc319994973 _Toc320004637 _Toc320004681 _Toc322224553 _Toc322233179 _Toc322242576 _Toc322334049 _Toc322426764 _Toc323086379 ThesisBody _Toc323431886 _Toc323546105 _Toc323608671 _Toc326978062 _Toc327593925 _Toc327594707 _Toc327848005 _Toc355172760 _Toc410714416 _Toc319891102 _Toc320004638 _Toc322233180 _Toc322242577 _Toc322334050 _Toc322426765 _Toc323086380 _Toc322233181 _Toc322242578 _Toc322334051 _Toc322426766 _Toc323086381 _Toc322224554 _Toc322233182 _Toc322242579 _Toc322334052 _Toc322426767 _Toc323086382ThesisBackMatter _Toc323431887 _Toc323546106 _Toc323608672 _Toc326978063 _Toc327593926 _Toc327594708 _Toc327848006 _Toc355172761 _Toc410714417 _Toc319891104 _Toc320004640 _Toc322233183 _Toc322242580 _Toc322334053 _Toc322426768 _Toc323086383 _Toc319891105 _Toc320004641 _Toc322233184 _Toc322242581 _Toc322334054 _Toc322426769 _Toc323086384 _Toc319891106 _Toc320004642 _Toc319891107 _Toc320004643 _Toc322233185 _Toc322242582 _Toc322334055 _Toc322426770 _Toc323086385 _Toc322233186 _Toc322242583 _Toc322334056 _Toc322426771 _Toc323086386 _Toc327848007 _Toc355172762 _Ref387631207 _Toc410714418Bibliographies _Toc327848008 _Toc355172763 _Toc410714419 _Toc327848009 _Toc355172764 _Toc410714420 _Toc355172765 _Toc410714421 _Toc323431888 _Toc323546107 _Toc323608673 _Toc326978064 _Toc327593927 _Toc327594709 _Toc327848010 _Toc355172766 _Ref355668246 _Toc410714422FiguresTablesEquations _Toc323546108 _Toc323608674 _Toc326978065 _Toc327593928 _Toc327594710 _Toc327848011 _Toc355172767 _Toc410714423 _Toc323546109 _Toc323608675 _Toc326978066 _Toc327593929 _Toc327594711 _Toc327848012 _Toc355172768 _Toc410714424 _Toc410714425 _Toc323546110 _Toc323608676 _Toc326978067 _Toc327593930 _Toc327594712 _Toc327848013 _Toc355172769 _Toc410714426 _Toc321710330 _Toc321710415 _Toc321710755 _Toc321716324 _Toc321716349 _Toc321716409 _Toc321717598 _Toc321733708 _Toc322157214 _Toc322224204 _Toc322224555 _Toc322233187 _Toc322242584 _Toc322334057 _Toc322426772 _Toc323086387 _Toc323431892 _Toc323546115 _Toc323608681 _Toc326978072 _Toc327593935 _Toc327594717 _Toc327848014 _Toc355172770 _Toc410714427ThesisFinalStages _Toc319891108 _Toc319994975 _Toc320004644 _Toc320004657 _Toc320004683 _Toc320009952 _Toc320508746 _Toc320508840 _Toc321642289 _Toc321710132 _Toc321710331 _Toc321710416 _Toc321710756 _Toc321716325 _Toc321716350 _Toc321716410 _Toc321717599 _Toc321733709 _Toc322157215 _Toc322224205 _Toc322224556 _Toc322233188 _Toc322242585 _Toc322334058 _Toc322426773 _Toc323086388MasterDocumentFacility _Toc323431893 _Toc323546116 _Toc323608682 _Toc326978073 _Toc327593936 _Toc327594718 _Toc327848015 _Toc355172771 _Toc410714428 _Toc322233190 _Toc322242587 _Toc322334060 _Toc322426775 _Toc323086390TableFigurePlacement _Toc322224207 _Toc322224558 _Toc322233193 _Toc322242590 _Toc322334063 _Toc322426778 _Ref323010783 _Ref323010809 _Toc323086393Printing _Toc323431895 _Toc323546117 _Toc323608683 _Toc326978074 _Toc327593937 _Toc327594719 _Toc327848016 _Toc355172772 _Toc410714429 _Toc322233194 _Toc322242591 _Toc322334064 _Toc322426779 _Toc323086394 _Toc322233195 _Toc322242592 _Toc322334065 _Toc322426780 _Toc323086395 _Toc322233196 _Toc322242593 _Toc322334066 _Toc322426781 _Toc323086396 _Toc323086397 _Toc321710757 _Toc321716326 _Toc321716351 _Toc321716411 _Toc321717600 _Toc321733710 _Toc322157216 _Toc322224208 _Toc322224559 _Toc322233197 _Toc322242594 _Toc322334067 _Toc322426782 _Toc323086398 _Toc323431896 _Toc323546118 _Toc323608684 _Toc326978075 _Toc327593938 _Toc327594720 _Toc327848017 _Toc355172773 _Toc410714430 _Toc323086399FilenamesAndStructure _Toc323431897 _Toc323546119 _Toc323608685 _Toc326978076 _Toc327593939 _Toc327594721 _Toc327848018 _Toc355172774 _Toc410714431 _Toc355172775 _Toc410714432TypicalFileStructure _Toc327594722 _Toc327848019 _Toc355172776 _Toc410714433 _Toc320508751 _Toc320508845 _Toc321642294 _Toc321710134 _Toc321710333 _Toc321710418 _Toc321710759 _Toc321716328 _Toc321716353 _Toc321716413 _Toc321717602 _Toc321733712 _Toc322157218 _Toc322224209 _Toc322224560 _Toc322233198 _Toc322242595 _Toc322334069 _Toc322426784 _Toc323086400 ImportingText _Toc323431898 _Toc323546120 _Toc323608686 _Toc326978077 _Toc327593940 _Toc327594723 _Toc327848020 _Toc355172777 _Toc410714434 _Toc322426785 _Toc323086401 _Toc323431899 _Toc323546121 _Toc323608687 _Toc326978078 _Toc327593941 _Toc327594724 _Toc327848021 _Toc355172778 _Toc410714435ModifyingStyles _Toc319891112 _Toc319994979 _Toc320004649 _Toc320004659 _Toc320004688 _Toc320009957 _Toc320508753 _Toc320508847 _Toc321642296 _Toc321710136 _Toc321710335 _Toc321710420 _Toc321710761 _Toc321716330 _Toc321716355 _Toc321716415 _Toc321717604 _Toc321733714 _Toc322157220 _Toc322224211 _Toc322224562 _Toc322233200 _Toc322242597 _Toc322334071 _Toc322426786 _Toc323086402 _Toc323431900 _Toc323546122 _Toc323608688 _Toc326978079 _Toc327593942 _Toc327594725 _Toc327848022 _Toc355172779 _Toc410714436Index                                            &&&&&&&&&&&&&|||||||||||||||||||||||||||!!!Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(Y(y(y(y(y(y(y(y(y(y(y(y(z(R1b4.;'C'C'C'C'C'C'C'C'C'C'C'C'C'C'C'C*D*D*D*D*D*DEEEEFFFFFFGGGGGGHHHHHHJJJJJJAJAJAJAJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ@K@KAKAKAKAKAKLOLOLOLOLOPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPYQYQYQYQYQYQYQ$U$U$U$U$U$U$U"W"W"W"W"W"W"W"W"WlXlXlXlXlXjYjYjYjYYR^R^R^iiinnuuuuuuuuuu2v2v2v2v2v2v2v2v2vD~D~D~D~D~D~D~D~<<<<<<<<gggggggggggggggggggggggggfffffccccccccccccccccccccJJJJJ\\\\\AAo޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼޼RJ  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYOZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrsyz{|}~tuvwx@     !"#$%& '()*+,-./0123456789:;<=EF>?@ABCDGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~     ! "#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ                            & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & >>>>>>>>>>>>>222222!!!b(b(b(b(b(b(b(b(b(d(d(d(d(d(d(d(d(d(d(d(d(d(d(d(x(y((((((((((((R159;'C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C4D4DgDgDgDgDEEEEFFUFUFUFUFGGGGGG"H"HiHiHiHiHJJ?J?J?J?JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ@K@K@K@KIKIKgKgKgKgKgK|O|O|O|O|OPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPeQeQQQQQQ.U.UNUNUNUNUNU.W.WyWyWyWyWyWpXpXXXXXXYYYYYt^t^t^iiioouvvvvvvvvv2v:v:v:v:v:v:v:v:vV~V~V~V~V~V~V~V~*MMMMMMMXoooooooooccqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqiiiii~~~~~ծծծծծծծծծծWWo۸ݼݼݼ޼::::::RJThomas Minsker.C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of Users.asdThomas Minsker.C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of Users.asdThomas Minsker.C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of Users.asdThomas Minsker.C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of Users.asdThomas MinskerC:\Psuthesi.97\HELP\Users.docThomas Minsker.C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of Users.asdThomas Minsker.C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of Users.asdThomas MinskerC:\Psuthesi\HELP\USERS.GDEThomas MinskerC:\Psuthesi\HELP\USERS.GDEThomas MinskerC:\Psuthesi\HELP\USERS.GDE? 9nr%("nr%|j(nr%|E,nr%H0 E2nr%8v3nr%EFnr%oHnr% I -K ;Nnr%DhR  bgnr%(| *@hh.@hh.@hh.@hh.@hh.@h)@0)@p0)@@ 0()@0()@0()@0()@0()@hh.@hh.@hh.@hh.@hh.@hh.hh.@hh.@hh.@hh.hho()?|E, bgoH("H0 IEFE28v39|j(DhR;N(|-K@h hOJQJo(PsuHelpToolbar$ 3@HP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NT\\MERCURY\HP_LaserHPLJ5SI2HP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PSHP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NTw odXXc˛RdCustom page 1Custom page 1XCCCustom pBBCustom page 2XCCCustom page 3BBCustom page 3XCC W W BB HP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NTw odXXc˛RdCustom page 1Custom page 1XCCCustom pBBCustom page 2XCCCustom page 3BBCustom page 3XCC W W BB """(I@@@@l@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3& Arial?5 Courier New7Marlett"h!;%;%oKZxY0dݬPSUthesi GuideThomas MinskerThomas Minsker