ࡱ> ܥhW e@dkCDjDjjGjGGGGeiDvw  U  /123;>78 !!!!$$&&q)))))++b,~,:-;-@-Vc UV]cUVcUc]cc cUc Z@-A-z-|---1+122255566688 9*9p::<%<&<@=U=V=>>>>>>??x@}@BBBBBBBB?CSCTCUC%E5EHHHyIIPPQQQQQQQQRSSSjSkSVVVW=X>X@XLXYYWU]cVc]cUcc^yBDjDE<=23;sR[qG+8EcdW2A uDcU^cV]cVc]cUccZ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRTUVWefhilm{|}~ac uDc uDacc ]$%&'*+9:;<>?@uac uDcc"#$89:;<=>?LMNOPt./0=>EF$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$f$$$$a$$$ ,,,*F  ( ) w x []^=>fgAB)VY$$$H$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$*$$$*$J$$$$$$$$$$$ 0,0,H,0,,($|EEGX & : y !!!$$$$$^$$H$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$H$$,0,H,0 0,0(!$$$&&''o)p)q))))a,b,,//p/11,122Y4Z4556688<<?=@=>>AA>C?C%E$$$$$$w$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$u$$$$H$$$$ $$^$$h$$$$$$,H,0+%E&EFHHHHHxIyIIYJZJLL !BCDjk$$$$$$$$$$^$$a$$$$$$z$$M$$$$O$$$$$$$$a$$$$$w$$ 0,H,H 0,0,0'rs23$%HIJKL$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$4$!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,0,0+LXYpqtu,-./0VWXYstuvw!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,0,0+9:;r,-.ewABCDEd!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,0,0+78QRXY lm230*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0* ,`,0*yiBCwxMN}~0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*,, ,`) !"#%&'(*+,-/01245679:;<0*0*0*$e$$,0,0,0,%<>?@ACDEFHIJKMNOPRSTUjk0*e0*0*T$!,,*,,0&()=>?@0*,,"K@Normal3a &`& Heading 1Uck"A@"Default Paragraph Font +@ Endnote Textc *@ Endnote Referenceh"@" Footnote Textc &@! Footnote Referenceh,@,TOC 10,$ (@(TOC 20,$ (@(TOC 3p0,$ (@(TOC 4@ 0,$ (@(TOC 50,$ &@&TOC 60,$@TOC 7 0,&@&TOC 80,$&@&TOC 90,$ * @*Index 1`,$ * @*Index 20,$ &.@& TOA Heading ,$"@CaptioncO_Equation Caption @ Footer !!+@UjBD@@   !                 ####0 E!.p;HVanq|KΡ>C/QBD@ U7 \ [   '//#$89:;<=>?LMNOPt./0=>EF()wx [ ] ^ = > f g AB)VY$|EEGX&:y!!!##$$o&p&q&&&&a)b)),,p,..,.//Y1Z122335599?:@:;;>>>@?@%B&BCEEEEExFyFFYGZGII !BCDjkrs23$%HIJKLXYpqtu,-./0VWXYstuvw9:;r,-.ewABCDEd78QRXY lm23yiBCwxMN}~@ $).38=BE@-p\F!%E`~ݸIL<@@&(,;=APRVegkz|!!!!!!!!!!!@ !&+05:?E # U     O     Introduction SubmittingTechnicalRequirementsTextOfTheThesisFrontAndBackMatterTablesAndFiguresCopyrightAuthorshipUMIOtherRequirementsSpecialCasesReferenceWorks SamplePagesThesisSubmissionFormFutureThesisDeadlines> &E]3EA > &E]3EAAThomas MinskerC:\PSUTHESI\Thesis97.docThomas MinskerC:\Guide97.gdeThomas MinskerC:\Guide97.gdeThomas MinskerC:\PSUTHESI\HELP\Thesis.gde.docThomas MinskerC:\psuthesi\HELP\THESIS.GDEThomas MinskerC:\psuthesi\HELP\THESIS.GDEThomas MinskerC:\psuthesi\HELP\THESIS.GDEThomas MinskerC:\psuthesi\HELP\THESIS.GDEPsuHelpToolbar$B 1@HP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NT\\MERCURY\HP_LaserHPLJ5SI2HP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NTHP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NTw odXXc˛RdCustom page 1Custom page 1XCCCustom pBBCustom page 2XCCCustom page 3BBCustom page 3XCC W W BB HP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NTw odXXc˛RdCustom page 1Custom page 1XCCCustom pBBCustom page 2XCCCustom page 3BBCustom page 3XCC W W BB  CTimes New Roman Symbol &Arial5Courier New"9),&7bv$j")@Q!The Pennsylvania State UniversityThomas MinskerThomas MinskergjFTSldogjEQUSldogjOLDBIBSldRTdRiALAB lgjTBARSld3ldR13iId$dR3j CanButtonjOKButtonj HelpButtondoiDTest ldR3 dR1d3   !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry0 Fpl r/wWordDocument{X<@@{_XXdmCompObj jX<@@jSummaryInformationXX$(` STU>?@0000S0T0U100>0?CTimes New Roman Symbol &Arial5Courier New"9),&7bv$j")@Q!The Pennsylvania State UniversityThomas MinskerThomas Minskerࡱ> DocumentSummaryInformation8   <  ՜.+,0HPpx  Penn State UniversityAj "The Pennsylvania State Universityࡱ>  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.69qࡱOh+'0 ,8 ` l x"The Pennsylvania State UniversityJAThomas Minskertti Normal.dotThomas Minsker7Microsoft Word fܥhW e@dmCDjDjjGjGGGGTJ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ccccjGH`rG4L`od r/wZHHDjGjGjGjGcdclc The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School THESIS GUIDE Requirements for the Preparation of Master's and Doctoral Theses 1997 Edition (edited for PSUthesi, May 1997) Thesis Office 115 Kern Building University Park, PA 16802 Phone: 814/865-5448 E-mail: PML3@oas.psu.edu INTRODUCTION A thesis serves the primary purpose of training the student in the processes of scholarly research and writing under the direction of members of the graduate faculty. After the student has graduated and the thesis is published, it serves as a contribution to human knowledge, useful to other scholars and perhaps a more general audience as well. Therefore, the Graduate School, the University Libraries, and the graduate faculty of Penn State have established format standards that a thesis must meet before it receives final approval as a graduate requirement. This publication sets forth those standards. Some thesis requirements are purely technical; others have been established to ensure that certain vital information is presented in an orderly, uniform manner. The requirements in this publication apply to all Penn State theses, both master's and doctoral. They are, however, designed to allow for maximum flexibility in minor matters in which standard practices vary among academic disciplines (e.g., reference forms). Thus, while you will need to comply with the specifications given here, you will probably also need to consult a specialized manual of scholarly style in your field or the style sheet of a leading journal. Be careful if using another thesis as a model for yours; remember that this guide is revised from time to time, and you must meet current thesis requirements. You have a fair amount of discretion with regard to style, but be consistent in format throughout the thesis. It is expected that the thesis will be written in clear, grammatically correct English, that words will be spelled and divided correctly, and that punctuation will be standard and appropriate. Therefore, it is advisable to have a good desk dictionary and a handbook for grammar and usage during the writing and revision processes. The Role of the Thesis Office The Thesis Office (a division of Graduate Enrollment Services) is the branch of the Graduate School responsible for certifying that theses have been prepared in accordance with the regulations in this guide. When a thesis is submitted to the Thesis Office, it should already meet the format requirements set forth here. In addition, the text should be proofread and as free as possible of grammatical errors and typos. The Thesis Office does not proofread the thesis, but reviews only format. Responsibility for the Thesis In all cases, the thesis author bears ultimate responsibility for meeting Graduate School requirements. It is the thesis author who must pay the thesis fee, activate the intent to graduate, meet deadlines for submission and correction, and obtain faculty signatures for the signatory page. The best advice is to start early with the preparation of the thesis and to make certain that the requirements given in this guide are fully met. SUBMITTING THE THESIS TO THE THESIS OFFICE The steps in the thesis process follow. A calendar of the deadlines for current and upcoming semesters is available fpage \* arabic26 page \* arabic5 page \* arabic5 /=....()()))()()U4,dQ205:35 PM 2/5/97 -0500Kathryn M. GrossmanRe/=p....()()))()()/=p....()()))()()/=p....()()))()()/=p....()()))()()/=p....()()))()()/=p....()()))()() FIXTOCPAGE/=p....()()))()()/=....()()))()()0PSUFILEOTHER/=....()()))()()/=....()()))()()2(T$2(!2(!2(!2(!2(!2(!2(!2(!2()2() 26tersPsuthesi: Set caption optionsPSUthesi Back MatterPsuOpenGenHeadsFixCapsAndRefs AddSignature(PSUthesi: Sigpage add a committee member DummyCaption PsuBookMarks BibAddRef PsuSysSet PSUthesi Help Ps.siSCPsuthesiSCmenuPSUthesi: Start or Clear WindowGPSUthesi: Add or Clear File Menu item (no doc) for Psuthesi start/clear PsuHelpClose PsuHelpBook/PSUthesi: Menu of Bookmarks in active Help File PSUthesi: Close Active Help File Create-/0=#$ x ^>eiDvw  U  /123;>78 !!!!$$&&q)))))++b,~,:-;-@-Vc UV]cUVcUc]cc cUc Z@-A-z-|---1+122255566688 9*9p::<%<&<@=U=V=>>>>>>??x@}@BBBBBBBB?CSCTCUC%E5EHHHyIIPPQQQQQQQQRSSSjSkSVVVW=X>X@XLXYYWU]cVc]cUcc^yBDjDE<=23;sR[qG+8EcdW2A uDcU^cV]cVc]cUccZ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRTUVWefhilm{|}~ac uDc uDacc ]$%&'*+9:;<>?@uac uDcc$<>?@ACDEFHIJKMNOPRSTUjk0*e0*0*T$!,,*,,0&()=>?@0*,,"K@Normal3a &`& Heading 1Uck"A@"Default Paragraph Font +@ Endnote Textc *@ Endnote Referenceh"@" Footnote Textc &@! Footnote Referenceh,@,TOC 10,$ (@(TOC 20,$ (@(TOC 3p0,$ (@(TOC 4@ 0,$ (@(TOC 50,$ &@&TOC 60,$@TOC 7 0,&@&TOC 80,$&@&TOC 90,$ * @*Index 1`,$ * @*Index 20,$ &.@& TOA Heading ,$"@CaptioncO_Equation Caption @ Footer !!+@UjBD@@   !                 ####0 E!.p;HVanq|KΡ>C/QBD@ U7 \ [   '//@0*#$89:;<=>?LMNOPt./0=>EF()wx [ ] ^ = > f g AB)VY$|EEGX&:y!!!##$$o&p&q&&&&a)b)),,p,..,.//Y1Z122335599?:@:;;>>>@?@%B&BCEEEEExFyFFYGZGII !BCDjkrs23$%HIJKLXYpqtu,-./0VWXYstuvw9:;r,-.ewABCDEd78QRXY lm23yiBCwxMN}~@@ $).38=BE@-p\F!%E`~ݸIL<DUnknown Adam TrattAdam Tratt Manish VijManish Vij Adam TrattEc Manish VijAdam Tratt Manish VijAdam Tratt Manish VijManish Vij Adam TrattEcAdam Tratt Manish VijAdam Tratt Manish Vij Manish Vij Adam TrattEc Sam Hobson Thomas Minsker Dr. C C REDDY @&(,;=APRVegkz|!!!!!!!!!!!@ !&+05:?E # U     O     Introduction SubmittingTechnicalRequirementsTextOfTheThesisFrontAndBackMatterTablesAndFiguresCopyrightAuthorshipUMIOtherRequirementsSpecialCasesReferenceWorks SamplePagesThesisSubmissionFormFutureThesisDeadlines> &E]3EA > &E]3EAlThomas MinskerC:\PSUTHESI\Thesis97.docThomas MinskerC:\Guide97.gdeThomas MinskerC:\Guide97.gdeThomas MinskerC:\PSUTHESI\HELP\Thesis.gde.docThomas MinskerC:\psuthesi\HELP\THESIS.GDEThomas MinskerC:\psuthesi\HELP\THESIS.GDEThomas MinskerC:\psuthesi\HELP\THESIS.GDEThomas MinskerC:\psuthesi\HELP\THESIS.GDEThomas MinskerC:\psuthesi\HELP\THESIS.GDEPsuHelpToolbar$B 1@HP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NT\\MERCURY\HP_LaserHPLJ5SI2HP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NTHP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NTw odXXc˛RdCustom page 1Custom page 1XCCCustom pBBCustom page 2XCCCustom page 3BBCustom page 3XCC W W BB HP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MX PS NTw odXXc˛RdCustom page 1Custom page 1XCCCustom pBBCustom page 2XCCCustom page 3BBCustom page 3XCC W W BB  |