Study Guide-Chapter 9 -Bigner (1994)				Page 1

** Questions marked with asterisks are not necessarily answered directly in the text; you may need to expand on the information provided in the book.

1.  How is industry reflected by the actions during middle childhood?

2.  What are some areas of major developments during middle childhood?  What are developmental tasks during this period?

3.  Why is middle childhood considered a "quiet period for physical growth and changes?"  (p. 278)  How is it different for males and females and people of different race and ethnic background?

4.  How may body configuration be used to assess school readiness?  How is it related to how people are treated by others?

5.  How do dentition, bone development, muscle development, and motor skills change during middle childhood?

6.  How is nutrition important during middle childhood?  How much is known about its importance?  

7.  What are some consequences of childhood obesity?  What are potential causes for it?  

8.  What are health factors important during middle childhood?

9.  How is a sense of initiative important for children?  

10.  What is the conflict of industry vs. inferiority?  How can industry be established?  When does inferiority develop?

11.  What are the ways that children during middle childhood change their understanding of others and themselves?  

12.  What are the roles of peer groups?  How do they change with age?  

13.  How are neglected and rejected children affected by their social relationships?  

14.  What are functions of play?  

15.  What is concrete operational thought like, according to Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory?  How is it related to the following terms:  classification, class inclusion, reversibility, conservation, seriation, understanding of time, and cognitive style?
16.  How do children's attention and memory change during middle childhood?

17.  How does the use of scripts and metamemory change with developement?  

18.  Are there cultural or ethnic differences in cognitive abilities?  Support your answer.  

19.  What school-related factors affect social and cognitive changes during middle childhood?

20.  What did Piaget believe about moral development?  

21.  Briefly describe moral development as discussed by Kohlberg.  What was Gilligan's view of Kohlberg's theory?  What does Eisenberg believe?  

22.  Why is the period of middle childhood considered to hazardous for the family system?  

23.  What are ways a mother's entrance or reentrance into the workplace affects the family?  How is this determined by gender of the child and social class of the family?  

24.  What are ways parenting changes during the Family with School-age Children stage?  What are the models of parenting behavior identified in the text?  

25.  How does the marriage change during this period?  Why?

26.  How are adults affected by divorce?  

27.  What are the six types of separation identified by Bigner?  

28.  How do men and women get affected by divorce differently?  How do they heal after divorce?

29.  How are children affected by divorce?  By joint custody?  How do they heal after divorce?

30.  What are common stressors that affect children?  What are effects of stress on the children?  How does this differ depending upon the child?