_@_Serbia and Montenegro Geography

Total area:
    102,350 km2
Land area:
    102,136 km2: note - Serbia has a total area and a land area of 88,412 km2
    while Montenegro has a total area of 13,938 km2 and a land area of 13,724
    km2
Comparative area:
    slightly larger than Kentucky; note - Serbia is slightly larger than Maine
    while Montenegro is slightly larger than Connecticut
Land boundaries:
    2,234 km total; Albania 287 km (114 km with Serbia, 173 km with Montenegro),
    Bosnia and Hercegovina 527 km (312 km with Serbia, 215 km with Montenegro),
    Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 239 km, Croatia (south) 15 km, Hungary 151
    km, Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km; note - the internal boundary between
    Montenegro and Serbia is 211 km
Coastline:
    199 km; Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km
Maritime claims:
    none - landlocked
  Contiguous zone:
    NA nm
  Continental shelf:
    NA meter depth
  Exclusive fishing zone:
    NA nm
  Exclusive economic zone:
    NA nm
  Territorial sea:
    12 nm
Disputes:
    Sandzak region bordering northern Montenegro and southeastern Serbia -
    Muslims seeking autonomy; Vojvodina taken from Hungary and awarded to the
    former Yugoslavia (Serbia) by Treaty of Trianon in 1920; disputes with
    Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia over Serbian populated areas; Albanian
    minority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic
Climate:
    in the north, continental climate - cold winter and hot, humid summers with
    well distributed rainfall; central portion, continental and Mediterranean
    climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers
    and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Terrain:
    extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone
    ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the
    southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast; home of
    largest lake in former Yugoslavia, Lake Scutari
Natural resources:
    oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome
Land use:
    arable land 30%; permanent crops 5%; meadows and pastures 20%; forest and
    woodland 25%; other 20%; includes irrigated 5%
Environment:
    coastal water pollution from sewage outlets, especially in tourist related
    areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial
    cities; water pollution along Danube from industrial waste dump into the
    Sava which drains into the Danube; subject to destructive earthquakes
Note:
    controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the
    Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast

:Serbia and Montenegro People

Population:
    10,642,000 (July 1992), growth rate NA% (1991)
Birth rate:
    NA births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
    NA deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
    NA migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
    NA deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
    Serbia - 70.11 years male, 75.21 years female (1992); Montenegro - 76.33
    years male, 82.27 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
    NA children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
    noun - Serbian(s) and Montenegrin(s); adjective - Serbian and Montenegrin
Ethnic divisions:
    Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%
Religions:
    Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Languages:
    Serbo-Croatian 100%
Literacy:
    89% (male 95%, female 83%) age 10 and over can read and write (1991 est.)
Labor force:
    2,640,909; industry, mining 40%, agriculture 5% (1990)
Organized labor:
    NA

:Serbia and Montenegro Government

Long-form name:
    none
Type:
    republic
Capital:
    Belgrade
Administrative divisions:
    2 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina); and 2 automous provinces*;
    Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*
Independence:
    NA April 1992
Constitution:
    NA April 1992
Legal system:
    based on civil law system
National holiday:
    NA
Executive branch:
    president, vice president, prime minister, deputy prime minister
Legislative branch:
    Parliament
Judicial branch:
    NA
Leaders:
  Chief of State:
    President Dobric COSIC (since NA), Vice President Branko KOSTIC (since July
    1991); note - Slobodan MILOSEVIC is president of Serbia
  Head of Government:
    Prime Minister Milan PANIC (since 14 July 1992), Deputy Prime Minister
    Aleksandr MITROVIC (since March 1989)
Political parties and leaders:
    former Communisty Party, Slobodan MILOSEVIC; Serbian Radical Party, Vojislav
    SESELJ; Serbian Renewal Party, Vok DRASKOVIC
Suffrage:
    at age 16 if employed, universal at age 18
Elections:
  President:
    NA
  Parliament:
    last held 4 June 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by
    party NA; seats - (138 total) former Community Party 73, Radical Party 33,
    other 32
Communists:
    NA
Other political or pressure groups:
    NA
Member of:
    CSCE, UN
Diplomatic representation:
    none; US does not recognize Serbia and Montenegro
Flag:
    NA

:Serbia and Montenegro Economy

Overview:
    The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation has been accompanied by bloody
    ethnic warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup
    of important interrepublic trade flows. The situation in Serbia and
    Montenegro remains fluid in view of the extensive political and military
    strife. This new state faces major economic problems. First, like the other
    former Yugoslav republics, Serbia and Montenegro depended on their sister
    republics for large amounts of foodstuffs, energy supplies, and
    manufactures. Wide varieties in climate, mineral resources, and levels of
    technology among the six republics accentuated this interdependence, as did
    the Communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small
    number of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp
    drop in output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the
    destruction of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the
    economic difficulties of the republics. One singular factor in the economic
    situation of Serbia and Montenegro is the continuation in office of a
    Communist government that is primarily interested in political and military
    mastery, not economic reform. A further complication is the major economic
    sanctions by the leading industrial nations.
GDP:
    exchange rate conversion - $44 billion, per capita $4,200; real growth rate
    NA% (1990)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
    60% per month
Unemployment rate:
    25-40%
Budget:
    NA
Exports:
    $4.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
  commodities:
    machinery and transport equipment 29%, manufactured goods 28.5%,
    miscellaneous manufactured articles 13.5%, chemicals 11%, food and live
    animals 9%, raw materials 6%, fuels and lubricants 2%, beverages and tobacco
    1%
  partners:
    principally the other former Yugoslav republics; Italy, Germany, other EC,
    the former USSR, East European countries, US
Imports:
    $6.4 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
  commodities:
    machinery and transport equipment 26%, fuels and lubricants 18%,
    manufactured goods 16%, chemicals 12.5%, food and live animals 11%,
    miscellaneous manufactured items 8%, raw materials, including coking coal
    for the steel industry, 7%, beverages, tobacco, and edible oils 1.5%
  partners:
    principally the other former Yugoslav republics; the former USSR, EC
    countries (mainly Italy and Germany), East European countries, US
External debt:
    $4.2 billion (may assume some part of foreign debt of former Yugoslavia)
Industrial production:
    growth rate -20% or greater (1991 est.)
Electricity:
    8,633,000 kW capacity; 34,600 million kWh produced, 3,496 kWh per capita
    (1991)

:Serbia and Montenegro Economy

Industries:
    machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; armored vehicles and
    weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery), metallurgy (steel,
    aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium), mining
    (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone), consumer goods
    (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances), electronics, petroleum
    products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Agriculture:
    the fertile plains of Vojvodina produce 80% of the cereal production of the
    former Yugoslavia and most of the cotton, oilseeds, and chicory; Vojvodina
    also produces fodder crops to support intensive beef and dairy production;
    Serbia proper, although hilly, has a well-distributed rainfall and a long
    growing season; produces fruit, grapes, and cereals; in this area, livestock
    production (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming prosper; Kosovo province
    produces fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and a small amount of cereals; the
    mountainous pastures of Kosovo and Montenegro support sheep and goat
    husbandry; Montenegro has only a small agriculture sector, mostly near the
    coast where a Mediterranean climate permits the culture of olives, citrus,
    grapes, and rice
Illicit drugs:
    NA
Economic aid:
    NA
Currency:
    Yugoslav New Dinar (plural - New Dinars); 1 Yugo New Dinar (YD) = 100 paras
Exchange rates:
    Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - 28.230 (December 1991), 15.162 (1990),
    15.528 (1989), 0.701 (1988), 0.176 (1987)
Fiscal year:
    calendar year

:Serbia and Montenegro Communications

Railroads:
    NA
Highways:
    46,019 km total (1990); 26,949 km paved, 10,373 km gravel, 8,697 km earth
Inland waterways:
    NA km
Pipelines:
    crude oil 415 km, petroleum products 130 km, natural gas 2,110 km
Ports:
    maritime - Bar; inland - Belgrade
Merchant marine:
    43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 866,915 GRT/1,449,094 DWT; includes 19
    cargo, 5 container, 16 bulk carriers, 2 combination/ore carrier and 1
    passenger ship, under Serbian and Montenegrin flag; note - Montenegro also
    operates 3 bulk carriers under the flags of Panama and Saint Vincent and the
    Grenadines
Civil air:
    NA
Airports:
    NA
Telecommunications:
    700,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 26 AM, 9 FM, 18 TV; 2,015,000
    radios; 1,000,000 TVs; satellite ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT

:Serbia and Montenegro Defense Forces

Branches:
    Army, Navy, and Air Forces
Manpower availability:
    males 15-49, 2,545,357; NA fit for military service; 96,832 reach military
    age (18) annually (est.)
Defense expenditures:
    $NA, NA% of GDP

_@_Seychelles Geography

Total area:
    455 km2
Land area:
    455 km2
Comparative area:
    slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
    none
Coastline:
    491 km
Maritime claims:
  Continental shelf:
    edge of continental margin or 200 nm
  Exclusive economic zone:
    200 nm
  Territorial sea:
    12 nm
Disputes:
    claims Tromelin Island
Climate:
    tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to
    September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)
Terrain:
    Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are
    coral, flat, elevated reefs
Natural resources:
    fish, copra, cinnamon trees
Land use:
    arable land 4%; permanent crops 18%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and
    woodland 18%; other 60%
Environment:
    lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts
    possible; no fresh water - catchments collect rain; 40 granitic and about 50
    coralline islands
Note:
    located north-northeast of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean

:Seychelles People

Population:
    69,519 (July 1992), growth rate 0.8% (1992)
Birth rate:
    23 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
    7 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
    -8 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
    15 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
    65 years male, 75 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
    2.4 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
    noun - Seychellois (singular and plural); adjective - Seychelles
Ethnic divisions:
    Seychellois (mixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans)
Religions:
    Roman Catholic 90%, Anglican 8%, other 2%
Languages:
    English and French (official); Creole
Literacy:
    85% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Labor force:
    27,700; industry and commerce 31%, services 21%, government 20%,
    agriculture, forestry, and fishing 12%, other 16% (1985); 57% of population
    of working age (1983)
Organized labor:
    three major trade unions

:Seychelles Government

Long-form name:
    Republic of Seychelles
Type:
    republic
Capital:
    Victoria
Administrative divisions:
    23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse
    Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel
    Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe Island), Grand' Anse (on
    Praslin Island), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri,
    Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka
Independence:
    29 June 1976 (from UK)
Constitution:
    5 June 1979
Legal system:
    based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law
National holiday:
    Liberation Day (anniversary of coup), 5 June (1977)
Executive branch:
    president, Council of Ministers
Legislative branch:
    unicameral People's Assembly (Assemblee du Peuple)
Judicial branch:
    Court of Appeal, Supreme Court
Leaders:
  Chief of State and Head of Government:
    President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977)
Political parties and leaders:
    ruling party - Seychelles People's Progressive Front (SPPF), France Albert
    RENE; note - in December 1991, President RENE announced that the Seychelles
    would begin an immediate transition to a multiparty political system;
    registration of new political parties was scheduled to begin in January 1992
Suffrage:
    universal at age 17
Elections:
    election of delegates to a multiparty constitutional conference is scheduled
    for June 1992
  President:
    last held 9-11 June 1989 (next to be held NA June 1994); results - President
    France Albert RENE reelected without opposition
  People's Assembly:
    last held 5 December 1987 (next to be held NA December 1992); results - SPPF
    was the only legal party; seats - (25 total, 23 elected) SPPF 23
Other political or pressure groups:
    trade unions, Roman Catholic Church
Member of:
    ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,
    IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation:
    Second Secretary, Charge d'Affaires ad interim Marc R. MARENGO; Chancery
    (temporary) at 820 Second Avenue, Suite 900F, New York, NY 10017; telephone
    (212) 687-9766
  US:
    Ambassador Richard W. CARLSON; Embassy at 4th Floor, Victoria House,
    Victoria (mailing address is Box 148, Victoria, and Victoria House, Box 251,
    Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles, or APO AE 09815-2501); telephone (248) 25256;
    FAX (248) 25189

:Seychelles Government

Flag:
    three horizontal bands of red (top), white (wavy), and green; the white band
    is the thinnest, the red band is the thickest

:Seychelles Economy

Overview:
    In this small, open, tropical island economy, the tourist industry employs
    about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency
    earnings. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment
    in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the
    government has moved to reduce the high dependence on tourism by promoting
    the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing.
GDP:
    exchange rate conversion - $350 million, per capita $5,200; real growth rate
    -4.5% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
    1.8% (1990 est.)
Unemployment rate:
    9% (1987)
Budget:
    revenues $180 million; expenditures $202 million, including capital
    expenditures of $32 million (1989)
Exports:
    $40 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
  commodities:
    fish, copra, cinnamon bark, petroleum products (reexports)
  partners:
    France 63%, Pakistan 12%, Reunion 10%, UK 7% (1987)
Imports:
    $186 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
  commodities:
    manufactured goods, food, tobacco, beverages, machinery and transportation
    equipment, petroleum products
  partners:
    UK 20%, France 14%, South Africa 13%, PDRY 13%, Singapore 8%, Japan 6%
    (1987)
External debt:
    $189 million (1991 est.)
Industrial production:
    growth rate 7% (1987); accounts for 10% of GDP
Electricity:
    30,000 kW capacity; 80 million kWh produced, 1,160 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
    tourism, processing of coconut and vanilla, fishing, coir rope factory, boat
    building, printing, furniture, beverage
Agriculture:
    accounts for 7% of GDP, mostly subsistence farming; cash crops - coconuts,
    cinnamon, vanilla; other products - sweet potatoes, cassava, bananas;
    broiler chickens; large share of food needs imported; expansion of tuna
    fishing under way
Economic aid:
    US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY78-89), $26 million; Western (non-US)
    countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1978-89), $315 million; OPEC
    bilateral aid (1979-89), $5 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $60
    million
Currency:
    Seychelles rupee (plural - rupees); 1 Seychelles rupee (SRe) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
    Seychelles rupees (SRe) per US$1 - 5.2946 (March 1992), 5.2893 (1991),
    5.3369 (1990), 5.6457 (1989), 5.3836 (1988), 5.6000 (1987)
Fiscal year:
    calendar year

:Seychelles Communications

Highways:
    260 km total; 160 km paved, 100 km crushed stone or earth
Ports:
    Victoria
Merchant marine:
    1 refrigerated cargo totaling 1,827 GRT/2,170 DWT
Civil air:
    1 major transport aircraft
Airports:
    14 total, 14 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways
    over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; none with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
    direct radio communications with adjacent islands and African coastal
    countries; 13,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 2 AM, no FM, 2 TV; 1
    Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station; USAF tracking station

:Seychelles Defense Forces

Branches:
    Army, Navy, Air Force, Presidential Protection Unit, Police Force, Militia
Manpower availability:
    males 15-49, 17,739; 9,096 fit for military service
Defense expenditures:
    exchange rate conversion - $12 million, 4% of GDP (1990 est.)

_@_Sierra Leone Geography

Total area:
    71,740 km2
Land area:
    71,620 km2
Comparative area:
    slightly smaller than South Carolina
Land boundaries:
    958 km total; Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km
Coastline:
    402 km
Maritime claims:
  Territorial sea:
    200 nm
Disputes:
    none
Climate:
    tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry
    season (December to April)
Terrain:
    coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau,
    mountains in east
Natural resources:
    diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite
Land use:
    arable land 25%; permanent crops 2%; meadows and pastures 31%; forest and
    woodland 29%; other 13%; includes irrigated NEGL%
Environment:
    extensive mangrove swamps hinder access to sea; deforestation; soil
    degradation

:Sierra Leone People

Population:
    4,456,737 (July 1992), growth rate -0.2% (1992)
Birth rate:
    46 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
    20 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
    -28 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
    148 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
    43 years male, 48 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
    6.1 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
    noun - Sierra Leonean(s); adjective - Sierra Leonean
Ethnic divisions:
    native African 99% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%); Creole, European, Lebanese, and
    Asian 1%; 13 tribes
Religions:
    Muslim 30%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%, other or none 30%
Languages:
    English (official); regular use limited to literate minority; principal
    vernaculars are Mende in south and Temne in north; Krio is the language of
    the resettled ex-slave population of the Freetown area and is lingua franca
Literacy:
    21% (male 31%, female 11%) age 15 and over can read and write English,
    Mende, Temne, or Arabic (1990 est.)
Labor force:
    1,369,000 (est.); agriculture 65%, industry 19%, services 16% (1981); only
    about 65,000 earn wages (1985); 55% of population of working age
Organized labor:
    35% of wage earners

:Sierra Leone Government

Long-form name:
    Republic of Sierra Leone
Type:
    military government
Capital:
    Freetown
Administrative divisions:
    Western Area and 3 provinces; Eastern, Northern, Southern
Independence:
    27 April 1961 (from UK)
Constitution:
    1 October 1991; amended September 1991
Legal system:
    based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not
    accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:
    Republic Day, 27 April (1961)
Executive branch:
    National Provisional Ruling Council
Legislative branch:
    unicameral House of Representatives (suspended after coup of 29 April 1992)
Judicial branch:
    Supreme Court (suspended after coup of 29 April 1992)
Leaders:
  Chief of State and Head of Government:
    President Gen. Joseph Saidu MOMOH was ousted in coup of 29 April 1992;
    succeeded by Chairman of the National Provisional Ruling Council Valentine
    STRASSER (since 29 April 1992)
Political parties and leaders:
    status of existing political parties are unknown following 29 April 1992
    coup
Suffrage:
    universal at age 18
Elections:
    suspended after 29 April 1992 coup; Chairman STRASSER promises multi-party
    elections sometime in the future
Member of:
    ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,
    IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU,
    OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
    Ambassador (vacant); Chancery at 1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009;
    telephone (202) 939-9261
  US:
    Ambassador Johnny YOUNG; Embassy at the corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens
    Street, Freetown; telephone [232] (22) 226-481; FAX [232] (22) 225471
Flag:
    three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue

:Sierra Leone Economy

Overview:
    The economic and social infrastructure is not well developed. Subsistence
    agriculture dominates the economy, generating about one-third of GDP and
    employing about two-thirds of the working population. Manufacturing, which
    accounts for roughly 10% of GDP, consists mainly of the processing of raw
    materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Diamond mining
    provides an important source of hard currency. The economy suffers from high
    unemployment, rising inflation, large trade deficits, and a growing
    dependency on foreign assistance. The government in 1990 was attempting to
    get the budget deficit under control and, in general, to bring economic
    policy in line with the recommendations of the IMF and the World Bank. Since
    March 1991, however, military incursions by Liberian rebels in southern and
    eastern Sierra Leone have severely strained the economy and have undermined
    efforts to institute economic reforms.
GDP:
    exchange rate conversion - $1.4 billion, per capita $330; real growth rate
    3% (FY91 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
    110% (1990)
Unemployment rate:
    NA%
Budget:
    revenues $134 million; expenditures $187 million, including capital
    expenditures of $32 million (FY91 est.)
Exports:
    $138 million (f.o.b., 1990)
  commodities:
    rutile 50%, bauxite 17%, cocoa 11%, diamonds 3%, coffee 3%
  partners:
    US, UK, Belgium, FRG, other Western Europe
Imports:
    $146 million (c.i.f., 1990)
  commodities:
    capital goods 40%, food 32%, petroleum 12%, consumer goods 7%, light
    industrial goods
  partners:
    US, EC, Japan, China, Nigeria
External debt:
    $572 million (1990)
Industrial production:
    NA
Electricity:
    85,000 kW capacity; 185 million kWh produced, 45 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
    mining (diamonds, bauxite, rutile), small-scale manufacturing (beverages,
    textiles, cigarettes, footwear), petroleum refinery
Agriculture:
    accounts for over 30% of GDP and two-thirds of the labor force; largely
    subsistence farming; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, palm kernels; harvests of
    food staple rice meets 80% of domestic needs; annual fish catch averages
    53,000 metric tons
Economic aid:
    US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $161 million; Western (non-US)
    countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $848 million; OPEC
    bilateral aid (1979-89), $18 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $101
    million
Currency:
    leone (plural - leones); 1 leone (Le) = 100 cents

:Sierra Leone Economy

Exchange rates:
    leones (Le) per US$1 - 476.74 (March 1992), 295.34 (1991), 144.9275 (1990),
    58.1395 (1989), 31.2500 (1988), 30.7692 (1987)
Fiscal year:
    1 July - 30 June

:Sierra Leone Communications

Railroads:
    84 km 1.067-meter narrow-gauge mineral line is used on a limited basis
    because the mine at Marampa is closed
Highways:
    7,400 km total; 1,150 km paved, 490 km laterite (some gravel), remainder
    improved earth
Inland waterways:
    800 km; 600 km navigable year round
Ports:
    Freetown, Pepel, Bonthe
Merchant marine:
    1 cargo ship totaling 5,592 GRT/9,107 DWT
Civil air:
    no major transport aircraft
Airports:
    12 total, 7 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over
    3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
    marginal telephone and telegraph service; national microwave system
    unserviceable at present; 23,650 telephones; broadcast stations - 1 AM, 1
    FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

:Sierra Leone Defense Forces

Branches:
    Army, Navy, National Police Force, Special Security Detachment
Manpower availability:
    males 15-49, 976,147; 472,112 fit for military service; no conscription
Defense expenditures:
    exchange rate conversion - $6 million, 0.7% of GDP (1988 est.)

_@_Singapore Geography

Total area:
    632.6 km2
Land area:
    622.6 km2
Comparative area:
    slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
    none
Coastline:
    193 km
Maritime claims:
  Exclusive fishing zone:
    12 nm
  Territorial sea:
    3 nm
Disputes:
    two islands in dispute with Malaysia
Climate:
    tropical; hot, humid, rainy; no pronounced rainy or dry seasons;
    thunderstorms occur on 40% of all days (67% of days in April)
Terrain:
    lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and
    nature preserve
Natural resources:
    fish, deepwater ports
Land use:
    arable land 4%; permanent crops 7%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and
    woodland 5%; other 84%
Environment:
    mostly urban and industrialized
Note:
    focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes

:Singapore People

Population:
    2,792,092 (July 1992), growth rate 1.3% (1992)
Birth rate:
    18 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
    5 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
    0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
    6 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
    73 years male, 78 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
    1.9 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
    noun - Singaporean(s); adjective - Singapore
Ethnic divisions:
    Chinese 76.4%, Malay 14.9%, Indian 6.4%, other 2.3%
Religions:
    majority of Chinese are Buddhists or atheists; Malays are nearly all Muslim
    (minorities include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Taoists, Confucianists)
Languages:
    Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English (all official); Malay (national)
Literacy:
    88% (male 93%, female 84%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
Labor force:
    1,485,800; financial, business, and other services 30.2%, manufacturing
    28.4%, commerce 22.0%, construction 9.0%, other 10.4% (1990)
Organized labor:
    210,000; 16.1% of labor force (1989)

:Singapore Government

Long-form name:
    Republic of Singapore
Type:
    republic within Commonwealth
Capital:
    Singapore
Administrative divisions:
    none
Independence:
    9 August 1965 (from Malaysia)
Constitution:
    3 June 1959, amended 1965; based on preindependence State of Singapore
    Constitution
Legal system:
    based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:
    National Day, 9 August (1965)
Executive branch:
    president, prime minister, two deputy prime ministers, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
    unicameral Parliament
Judicial branch:
    Supreme Court
Leaders:
  Chief of State:
    President WEE Kim Wee (since 3 September 1985)
  Head of Government:
    Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 28 November 1990); Deputy Prime Minister
    LEE Hsien Loong (since 28 November 1990); Deputy Prime Ministers ONG Teng
    Cheong (since 2 January 1985) and LEE Hsien Loong
Political parties and leaders:
  government:
    People's Action Party (PAP), LEE Kuan Yew, secretary general;
  opposition:
    Workers' Party (WP), J. B. JEYARETNAM; Singapore Democratic Party (SDP),
    CHIAM See Tong; National Solidarity Party (NSP), leader NA; Barisan Sosialis
    (BS, Socialist Front), leader NA
Suffrage:
    universal and compulsory at age 20
Elections:
  President:
    last held 31 August 1989 (next to be held NA August 1993); results -
    President WEE Kim Wee was reelected by Parliament without opposition
  Parliament:
    last held 31 August 1991 (next to be held 31 August 1996); results - percent
    of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total) PAP 77, SDP 3, WP 1
Communists:
    200-500; Barisan Sosialis infiltrated by Communists; note - Communist party
    illegal
Member of:
    APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,
    ICFTU, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU,
    LORCS, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation:
    Ambassador S. R. NATHAN; Chancery at 1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009;
    telephone (202) 667-7555
  US:
    Ambassador Robert D. ORR; Embassy at 30 Hill Street, Singapore 0617 (mailing
    address is FPO AP 96534); telephone [65] 338-0251; FAX [65] 338-4550

:Singapore Government

Flag:
    two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of
    the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward
    the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged
    in a circle

:Singapore Economy

Overview:
    Singapore has an open entrepreneurial economy with strong service and
    manufacturing sectors and excellent international trading links derived from
    its entrepot history. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the economy expanded
    rapidly, achieving an average annual growth rate of 9%. Per capita GDP is
    among the highest in Asia. The economy grew at a respectable 6.5% in 1991,
    down from 8.3% in 1990, in part because of a slowdown in overseas demand and
    lower growth in the financial and business services sector.
GDP:
    exchange rate conversion - $38.3 billion, per capita $13,900; real growth
    rate 6.5% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
    3.4% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
    1.5% (1991 est.)
Budget:
    revenues $9.8 billion; expenditures $9.0 billion, including capital
    expenditures of $2.8 billion (FY91 est.)
Exports:
    $57.8 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
  commodities:
    includes transshipments to Malaysia - petroleum products, rubber,
    electronics, manufactured goods
  partners:
    US 20%, Malaysia 15%, Japan 9%, Hong Kong 7%, Thailand 6%
Imports:
    $65.8 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.)
  commodities:
    includes transshipments from Malaysia - capital equipment, petroleum,
    chemicals, manufactured goods, foodstuffs
  partners:
    Japan 21%, US 16%, Malaysia 15%, Taiwan 4%
External debt:
    $3.8 billion (1991 est.)
Industrial production:
    growth rate 9% (1991 est.); accounts for 29% of GDP (1990)
Electricity:
    4,000,000 kW capacity; 14,400 million kWh produced, 5,300 kWh per capita
    (1990)
Industries:
    petroleum refining, electronics, oil drilling equipment, rubber processing
    and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, entrepot
    trade, financial services, biotechnology
Agriculture:
    occupies a position of minor importance in the economy; self-sufficient in
    poultry and eggs; must import much of other food; major crops - rubber,
    copra, fruit, vegetables
Economic aid:
    US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $590 million; Western (non-US)
    countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.0 billion
Currency:
    Singapore dollar (plural - dollars); 1 Singapore dollar (S$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
    Singapore dollars (S$) per US$1 - 1.6596 (March 1992), 1.7276 (1991), 1.8125
    (1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988), 2.1060 (1987)
Fiscal year:
    1 April - 31 March

:Singapore Communications

Railroads:
    38 km of 1.000-meter gauge
Highways:
    2,597 km total (1984)
Ports:
    Singapore
Merchant marine:
    468 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,751,619 GRT/14,195,718 DWT;
    includes 1 passenger-cargo, 126 cargo, 74 container, 7 roll-on/roll-off
    cargo, 5 refrigerated cargo, 18 vehicle carrier, 1 livestock carrier, 144
    petroleum tanker, 5 chemical tanker, 4 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized
    tanker, 5 liquefied gas, 74 bulk, 2 combination bulk, 1 short-sea passenger;
    note - many Singapore flag ships are foreign owned
Civil air:
    38 major transport aircraft (est.)
Airports:
    10 total, 10 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over
    3,659 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
    good domestic facilities; good international service; good radio and
    television broadcast coverage; 1,110,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 13
    AM, 4 FM, 2 TV; submarine cables extend to Malaysia (Sabah and peninsular
    Malaysia), Indonesia, and the Philippines; satellite earth stations - 1
    Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT

:Singapore Defense Forces

Branches:
    Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force, Police Force
Manpower availability:
    males 15-49, 847,435; 626,914 fit for military service
Defense expenditures:
    exchange rate conversion - $1.7 billion, 4% of GDP (1990 est.)

_@_Slovenia Geography

Total area:
    20,296 km2
Land area:
    20,296 km2
Comparative area:
    slightly larger than New Jersey
Land boundaries:
    998 km total; Austria 262 km, Croatia 455 km, Italy 199 km, Hungary 83 km
Coastline:
    32 km
Maritime claims:
  Contiguous zone:
    NA nm
  Continental shelf:
    200 m or to depth of exploitation
  Exclusive economic zone:
    NA nm
  Exclusive fishing zone:
    NA nm
  Territorial sea:
    12 nm
Disputes:
    dispute with Croatia over fishing rights in the Adriatic; small vocal
    minority in northern Italy seeks the return of parts of southwestern
    Slovenia
Climate:
    Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot
    summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Terrain:
    a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to
    Italy, mixed mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
Natural resources:
    lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver
Land use:
    arable land 10%; permanent crops 2%; meadows and pastures 20%; forest and
    woodland 45%; other 23%; includes irrigated 1%
Environment:
    Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; heavy metals and
    toxic chemicals along coastal waters; near Koper, forest damage from air
    pollutants originating at metallurgical and chemical plants; subject to
    flooding and earthquakes

:Slovenia People

Population:
    1,963,000 (July 1992), growth rate 0.2% (1992)
Birth rate:
    NA births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
    NA deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
    NA migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
    NA deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
    70 years male, 78 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
    NA children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
    noun - Slovene(s); adjective - Slovenia
Ethnic divisions:
    Slovene 91%, Croat 3%, Serb 2%, Muslim 1%, other 3%
Religions:
    Roman Catholic 94%, Orthodox Catholic 2%, Muslim 1%, other 3%
Languages:
    Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 7%, other 2%
Literacy:
    99.2% (male 99.3%, female 99.1%) age 10 and over can read and write
Labor force:
    786,036; 2% agriculture, manufacturing and mining 46%
Organized labor:
    NA

:Slovenia Government

Long-form name:
    Republic of Slovenia
Type:
    emerging democracy
Capital:
    Ljubljana
Administrative divisions:
    62 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina)
Independence:
    25 June 1991; 15 January 1992 from Yugoslavia
Constitution:
    adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991
Legal system:
    based on civil law system
National holiday:
    NA
Executive branch:
    president, 4 vice presidents
Legislative branch:
    bicameral; consists of the State Assembly and the State Council; note - will
    take effect after next election
Judicial branch:
    NA
Leaders:
  Chief of State:
    President Milan KUCAN (since 22 April 1990); Vice President Matjaz KMECL
    (since 11 April 1990); Vice President Ivan OMAN (since 11 April 1990); Vice
    President Dusan PLUT (since 11 April 1990); Vice President Ciril ZLOBEC
    (since 11 April 1990)
  Head of Government:
    Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK (since 14 May 1992)
Political parties and leaders:
    Christian Democratic, Lozje PETERLE, chairman; Liberal Democratic, Janez
    DRNOVSEK, chairman; Social Democratic, Joze PUNIK, chairman; Socialist,
    Viktor ZAKELJ, chairman; Greens, Dusan PLUT, chairman; National Democratic,
    Rajko PIRNAT, chairman; Democratic Peoples Party, Marjan PODOBNIK, chairman;
    Reformed Socialists (former Communist Party), Ciril RIBICIC, chairman
Suffrage:
    at age 16 if employed, universal at age 18
Elections:
  President:
    last held NA (next to be held NA)
  State Assembly:
    last held NA (next to be held NA);
  State Council:
    last held NA (next to be held NA)
Communists:
    NA
Other political or pressure groups:
    NA
Member of:
    CSCE, IMF, UN
Diplomatic representation:
    Representative Ernest PETRIC; Chancery at 1300 19th Street NW, Washington,
    DC 20036; telephone (202) 828-1650
  US:
    Ambassador Ignac GOLOB, Embassy at NA (mailing address is APO AE 09862);
    telephone NA

:Slovenia Government

Flag:
    a three color flag, white (hoist side), blue, and red of equal width with
    the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav in white against a
    blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting
    seas and rivers; around it, there are three six-sided stars arranged in an
    inverted triangle); the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag
    centered in the white and blue band

:Slovenia Economy

Overview:
    Slovenia was by far the most prosperous of the old Yugoslav republics, with
    a per capita income more than twice the Yugoslav average, indeed not far
    below the levels in neighboring Austria and Italy. Because of its strong
    ties to Western Europe and the small scale of damage during internecine
    fighting in Yugoslavia, Slovenia has the brightest prospects among the
    former Yugoslav republics for economic reform and recovery over the next few
    years. The political and economic disintegration of Yugoslavia, however, has
    led to severe short-term dislocations in production, employment, and trade
    ties. For example, overall industrial production fell 10% in 1991;
    particularly hard hit were the iron and steel, machine-building, chemical,
    and textile industries. Meanwhile, fighting has continued in other republics
    leading to further destruction of long-established trade channels and to an
    influx of tens of thousands of Croatian refugees. As in other former
    Communist areas in Eastern Europe, economic reform has often sputtered not
    only because of the vested interests of old bosses in retaining old rules of
    the game but also because of the tangible losses experienced by
    rank-and-file people in the transition to a more market-oriented system. The
    key program for breaking up and privatizing major industrial firms has not
    yet begun. Bright spots for encouraging Western investors are Slovenia's
    comparatively well-educated work force, its developed infrastructure, and
    its Western business attitudes. Slovenia in absolute terms is a small
    economy, and a little Western investment would go a long way.
GDP:
    $21 billion, per capita $10,700; real growth rate -10% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
    15-20% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
    10% (April 1992)
Budget:
    revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
    $4,120 million (f.o.b., 1990)
  commodities:
    machinery and transport equipment 38%, other manufactured goods 44%,
    chemicals 9%, food and live animals 4.6%, raw materials 3%, beverages and
    tobacco less than 1%
  partners:
    principally the other former Yugoslav republics, Austria, and Italy
Imports:
    $4,679 million (c.i.f., 1990)
  commodities:
    machinery and transport equipment 35%, other manufactured goods 26.7%,
    chemicals 14.5%, raw materials 9.4%, fuels and lubricants 7%, food and live
    animals 6%
  partners:
    principally the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, former USSR, US,
    Hungary, Italy, and Austria
External debt:
    $2.5 billion
Industrial production:
    industrial production has been declining at a rate of about 1% per month
    (1991-92), mostly because of lost markets in the other former Yugoslav
    republics
Electricity:
    2,900,000 kW capacity; 12,250 million kWh produced, 6,447 kWh per capita
    (1991)

:Slovenia Economy

Industries:
    ferrous metallurgy and rolling mill products, aluminum reduction and rolled
    products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military
    electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles,
    chemicals, machine tools
Agriculture:
    dominated by stock breeding (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming; main crops
    are potatoes, hops, hemp, and flax; although self-sufficient and having an
    export surplus in these commodities, Slovenia must import many other
    agricultural products and has a negative overall trade balance in this
    sector
Illicit drugs:
    NA
Economic aid:
    NA
Currency:
    Slovene Tolar (plural - Tolars); 1 Tolar (SLT) = 100 NA
Exchange rates:
    Tolars (SLT) per US$1 - 28 (January 1992)
Fiscal year:
    calendar year

:Slovenia Communications

Railroads:
    NA
Highways:
    14,553 km total; 10,525 km paved, 4,028 km gravel
Inland waterways:
    NA
Pipelines:
    crude oil 290 km, natural gas 305 km
Ports:
    maritime - Koper
Merchant marine:
    0 ships (1,000 GRT or over) are under Slovenian flag; note - Slovenian
    owners control 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 334,995 GRT/558,621
    DWT; includes 14 bulk carriers and 7 general cargo ships all under Saint
    Vincent and the Grenadines flag
Civil air:
    NA major transport aircraft
Airports:
    3 main airports
Telecommunications:
    130,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 6 AM, 5 FM, 7 TV; 370,000 radios;
    330,000 TVs

:Slovenia Defense Forces

Branches:
    Army, Navy, Air Force
Manpower availability:
    males 15-49, 444,030; NA fit for military service; 18,219 reach military age
    (18) annually
Defense expenditures:
    exchange rate conversion - 13.5 billion Slovene Tolars, 4.5% of GDP (1992);
    note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current
    exchange rate could produce misleading results

_@_Solomon Islands Geography

Total area:
    28,450 km2
Land area:
    27,540 km2
Comparative area:
    slightly larger than Maryland
Land boundaries:
    none
Coastline:
    5,313 km
Maritime claims:
    (measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
  Exclusive economic zone:
    200 nm
  Territorial sea:
    12 nm
Disputes:
    none
Climate:
    tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather
Terrain:
    mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls
Natural resources:
    fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates
Land use:
    arable land 1%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 1%; forest and
    woodland 93%; other 4%
Environment:
    subject to typhoons, which are rarely destructive; geologically active
    region with frequent earth tremors
Note:
    located just east of Papua New Guinea in the South Pacific Ocean

:Solomon Islands People

Population:
    360,010 (July 1992), growth rate 3.5% (1992)
Birth rate:
    40 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
    5 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
    0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
    30 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
    67 years male, 72 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
    6.0 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
    noun - Solomon Islander(s); adjective - Solomon Islander
Ethnic divisions:
    Melanesian 93.0%, Polynesian 4.0%, Micronesian 1.5%, European 0.8%, Chinese
    0.3%, other 0.4%
Religions:
    almost all at least nominally Christian; Anglican 34%, Roman Catholic 19%,
    Baptist 17%, United (Methodist/Presbyterian) 11%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10%,
    other Protestant 5%
Languages:
    120 indigenous languages; Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua
    franca; English spoken by 1-2% of population
Literacy:
    NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
Labor force:
    23,448 economically active; agriculture, forestry, and fishing 32.4%;
    services 25%; construction, manufacturing, and mining 7.0%; commerce,
    transport, and finance 4.7% (1984)
Organized labor:
    NA, but most of the cash-economy workers have trade union representation

:Solomon Islands Government

Long-form name:
    none
Type:
    parliamentary democracy
Capital:
    Honiara
Administrative divisions:
    7 provinces and 1 town*; Central, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira,
    Malaita, Temotu, Western
Independence:
    7 July 1978 (from UK; formerly British Solomon Islands)
Constitution:
    7 July 1978
Legal system:
    common law
National holiday:
    Independence Day, 7 July (1978)
Executive branch:
    British monarch, governor general, prime minister, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
    unicameral National Parliament
Judicial branch:
    High Court
Leaders:
  Chief of State:
    Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General
    Sir George LEPPING (since 27 June 1989, previously acted as governor general
    since 7 July 1988)
  Head of Government:
    Prime Minister Solomon MAMALONI (since 28 March 1989); Deputy Prime Minister
    Sir Baddeley DEVESI (since NA October 1990)
Political parties and leaders:
    People's Alliance Party (PAP); United Party (UP), leader NA; Solomon Islands
    Liberal Party (SILP), Bartholemew ULUFA'ALU; Nationalist Front for Progress
    (NFP), Andrew NORI; Labor Party (LP), Joses TUHANUKU
Suffrage:
    universal at age 21
Elections:
  National Parliament:
    last held 22 February 1989 (next to be held NA February 1993); results -
    percent of vote by party NA; seats - (38 total) PAP 13, UP 6, NFP 4, SILP 4,
    LP 2, independents 9
Member of:
    ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,
    IOC, ITU, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation:
    Ambassador (vacant) resides in Honiara (Solomon Islands)
  US:
    the ambassador in Papua New Guinea is accredited to the Solomon Islands;
    Embassy at Mud Alley, Honiara (mailing address is American Embassy, P. O.
    Box 561, Honiara); telephone (677) 23890; FAX (677) 23488
Flag:
    divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner;
    the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars
    arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green

:Solomon Islands Economy

Overview:
    About 90% of the population depend on subsistence agriculture, fishing, and
    forestry for at least part of their livelihood. Agriculture, fishing, and
    forestry contribute about 70% to GDP, with the fishing and forestry sectors
    being important export earners. The service sector contributes about 25% to
    GDP. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The
    islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc,
    nickel, and gold. The economy suffered from a severe cyclone in mid-1986
    that caused widespread damage to the infrastructure.
GDP:
    exchange rate conversion - $200 million, per capita $600; real growth rate
    6.0% (1990 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
    10.2% (1990)
Unemployment rate:
    NA%
Budget:
    revenues $44 million; expenditures $45 million, including capital
    expenditures of $22 million (1989 est.)
Exports:
    $67.3 million (f.o.b., 1990)
  commodities:
    fish 46%, timber 31%, copra 5%, palm oil 5%
  partners:
    Japan 51%, UK 12%, Thailand 9%, Netherlands 8%, Australia 2%, US 2% (1985)
Imports:
    $86.0 million (c.i.f., 1990)
  commodities:
    plant and machinery 30%, fuel 19%, food 16%
  partners:
    Japan 36%, US 23%, Singapore 9%, UK 9%, NZ 9%, Australia 4%, Hong Kong 4%,
    China 3% (1985)
External debt:
    $128 million (1988 est.)
Industrial production:
    growth rate 0% (1987); accounts for 5% of GDP
Electricity:
    21,000 kW capacity; 39 million kWh produced, 115 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries:
    copra, fish (tuna)
Agriculture:
    including fishing and forestry, accounts for about 70% of GDP; mostly
    subsistence farming; cash crops - cocoa, beans, coconuts, palm kernels,
    timber; other products - rice, potatoes, vegetables, fruit, cattle, pigs;
    not self-sufficient in food grains; 90% of the total fish catch of 44,500
    metric tons was exported (1988)
Economic aid:
    Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89),
    $250 million
Currency:
    Solomon Islands dollar (plural - dollars); 1 Solomon Islands dollar (SI$) =
    100 cents
Exchange rates:
    Solomon Islands dollars (SI$) per US$1 - 2.8740 (March 1992), 2.7148 (1991),
    2.5288 (1990), 2.2932 (1989), 2.0825 (1988), 2.0033 (1987)
Fiscal year:
    calendar year

:Solomon Islands Communications

Highways:
    about 2,100 km total (1982); 30 km paved, 290 km gravel, 980 km earth, 800
    private logging and plantation roads of varied construction
Ports:
    Honiara, Ringi Cove
Civil air:
    no major transport aircraft
Airports:
    33 total, 30 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways
    over 2,439 m; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
    3,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 4 AM, no FM, no TV; 1 Pacific Ocean
    INTELSAT earth station

:Solomon Islands Defense Forces

Branches:
    Police Force
Manpower availability:
    NA
Defense expenditures:
    exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP