ELECTRONIC INFORMATION ACCESS AT PENN STATE August 25, 1994 CONTENTS i. Letter from the Director 1. Introduction 2. Access Services 2.1 Electronic Mail 2.2 News 2.3 Gopher 2.4 World Wide Web (WWW) 2.5 OASIS 2.6 Phone Directories 2.7 Dialup Access 2.8 Clients and Servers 3. Access Accounts 3.1 Purpose 3.2 Access Accounts for Students 3.3 Access Accounts for Faculty and Staff 3.4 Your Userid and Password 3.5 Change Your Password 3.6 Accessing Student Records Through OASIS 3.7 If You Forget Your Password 3.8 Your Email Address 3.9 If You Use Other Systems for Email 3.10 Mail Server Space Limitations 3.11 Using Your Access Account On Your Own Computer 3.12 Password Guidelines 4. Connection Methods 4.1 System Requirements 4.2 If You Have a Backbone Connection 4.3 If You Use a Modem 4.4 If You Live in a Residence Hall 4.5 If You Use the CAC Labs 5. Access Software 5.1 DOS Software 5.2 Windows Software 5.3 Macintosh Software 6. Instruction and Support 6.1 Seminars 6.2 Consulting Services 6.3 Computer Accounts Office 6.4 Microcomputer Order Center 7. References 8. Appendix 8.1 Access Servers 8.2 Other Network Information 8.3 UART Specifications for DOS Machines 8.4 If You Use PSUVM 8.5 Using FTP on PSUVM 8.6 Dialup Services 9. Glossary 10. Application Forms 11. Acknowledgements i. Letter from the Director ========================================= August 24, 1994 Dear Fellow Access Account Holder, Welcome to an exciting new era in communication and information! The services described in this guide represent a shift from central time- sharing computing on huge mainframes to powerful and easy-to-use software running on desktop computers. Personally, I would never want to go back to mainframe time-sharing just as I wouldn't want to go back to punch cards. With the Access Account, we can deliver more services to more people at lower cost to the University. More important to you, the software is easier to use so you can benefit more readily. The focus is not on technology but on helping you to accomplish new things using new and powerful tools and services. The tools and services presented in this publication give you full access to the Penn State network and the Internet--the fledgling "Information Highway" we read so much about. While this is just the beginning, many Penn Staters are already reaping benefits from electronic mail, conferencing systems, remote databases, libraries outside Penn State, and many other forms of electronic information and communication. Students and faculty in virtually every discipline are Access Account holders. While having fun learning new things, participating in conferences, and sending electronic mail, you must remember to use these services responsibly. In face to face conversations, irrelevant characteristics such as age, gender, and status are responsible for much of the impression you make. With electronic communication, these largely irrelevant attributes are unimportant. However, just as in face to face conversation, we should use common sense and courtesy when communicating with others. Avoid flaming--hasty, poorly written, angry responses. Others' impressions of you will come directly from the quality of ideas you present and how you present them. Also, please do not share your ID and password with others so that they can use your account as well. You may regret the unflattering impression formed and you are accountable for its use. Let them get their own account just as you have done. There is much more to come. We are on the threshold of a new era in personal communications and information access. The changes we will see in the next few years will open many opportunities to do things that were impossible only a few years ago. We will be working hard to keep you from being overwhelmed by continually enhancing our services and finding the best tools for you to use. Don't wait. The future is now, and you can connect with it. Russell S. Vaught Director 1. Introduction ===================================================== Personal computers, workstations, and mainframes throughout the University are connected to the Penn State network, which is part of a global network called the Internet. Penn State and Internet resources include electronic mail, electronic bulletin boards, news and conferencing systems, library catalogs, research databases, discussion groups, and much more. The information access initiatives of the Center for Academic Computing (CAC) are making these resources available to all members of the University community. You can now access the Internet and other information services from home, office, residence hall, or CAC computer labs. To use the access services from your personal computer, you need (1) an Access Account, (2) a connection--either a backbone connection or a modem, (3) network software, and (4) client software. The term "backbone" is used to refer to the Penn State TCP/IP network to which various local area networks (LANs) at many locations are connected. The backbone is part of the global Internet. "Network" software enables you to connect to another computer and transmit or receive data. You can use any TCP/IP software that works for you, although certain kinds are recommended and supported by the CAC. "Client" software enables you to access electronic information services. The client is used to request services from a "server" running on a remote system. There are many kinds of client programs that are not highlighted here but are used frequently. For example, various kinds of "telnet" programs provide terminal sessions for logging onto remote hosts, and "FTP" (File Transfer Protocol) clients are frequently used to copy files to and from other computers. Information about these types of clients can be found in other documents; see the reference section. Personal computers and workstations are usually connected to a LAN (e.g. Ethernet or Token-Ring) which is in turn connected to the "backbone." An "individual backbone connection" provided by the Office of Telecommunications (OTC) is similar to a LAN connection. This guide is a general introduction to information services and connection methods at Penn State. Although some technical issues are addressed in the appendix, you can also consult the information found on-line in Netnews and on Gopher. After reading this guide, you should know what services are offered and what software you need for your computer. This guide does not explain how to use the individual software packages. To learn more, see the documentation that comes with the software, experiment, and perhaps attend seminars offered by the CAC and other organizations. Some of the concepts and terms presented here may be unfamiliar. To help, a glossary has been included at the end of this document. What Kinds of Things Can I Do? * Browse library catalogues and databases at any hour * Communicate instantly with electronic mail * Find thousands of job postings all over the world * Find Penn State programs and course descriptions * Check to see if a class is still open * Download free software to your personal computer * Find thousands of electronic bulletin boards * Find information about workshops and seminars * Get help with writing your resume * Find out the Penn State football schedule * Look up a word in a dictionary or thesaurus * Ask a question about using a software package * Find lists of questions and answers on thousands of topics * Find a good restaurant in Boston, New York, or ? * Find an apartment here or in another city * Buy a used bicycle, computer, or other items * Find the deadline date for dropping a course * Find the instructions for using a software program * Look up the campus bookstore hours * Look up the final exam schedule * And much, much more 2. Access Services The major services discussed here are electronic mail, news, Gopher, World Wide Web, phone directories, and dialup access. 2.1 Electronic Mail =============================================== Electronic mail (email) is information that is sent electronically from one computer user to another. Email is a fast, convenient way to handle correspondence. Once you learn the basics, you'll find it an easy and fun way to communicate with friends and colleagues at Penn State and around the world. The CAC provides a POP (Post Office Protocol) server that holds your email until you ask for it. When you connect with a POP client your mail files are moved to your own computer where you can read them, send replies, or store them. The CAC also provides a mail forwarding service in conjunction with an electronic phone directory. A single email address can be given to your correspondents (e.g. userid@psu.edu) and you can have mail forwarded from there to whatever system you are currently using. 2.2 News Usenet, also called Netnews, is a world-wide electronic bulletin board and conferencing system that is accessible through the Internet. This system contains thousands of newsgroups from which you can select topics of interest and read articles that have been posted by others. You can save, print, and reply to articles, or post your own news. The interactive nature of Usenet has made it extremely popular with students and faculty, who use it as a forum to discuss topics of interest. The CAC provides a news server that is used with "news reader" client software that understands NNTP (NetNews Transfer Protocol). Articles from chosen newsgroups are copied to your personal computer where you can read them, send replies by email, or post follow-up articles. 2.3 Gopher Internet Gopher helps you easily access public information stored on Internet-connected computers all over the world. Combining features of electronic bulletin board services and searchable databases, Gopher can help you locate information on a wide variety of topics. There are several Gopher servers at Penn State that can be found through the "main" one maintained by the CAC. Again, a client program connects to the servers and displays choices to you. Files are either viewed on or copied to your personal computer. 2.4 World Wide Web (WWW) WWW servers provide a network of information delivered with "hypertext" and "hypermedia." Instead of picking items from a menu, you click on highlighted phrases or icons that are linked to other objects which can be text, graphics, sound or video. WWW is developing rapidly because of the advent of a client program called Mosaic that supports WWW, Gopher, FTP, and Netnews. As of this writing, versions of Mosaic for the Macintosh, MS Windows, and X-Windows are available and working, but we haven't repackaged them in a complete easy-to-install form. Find the Macintosh and Windows versions on the FTP server ftp.cac.psu.edu in pub/access/test. 2.5 OASIS (Open Access to Student Information Systems) OASIS is intended to provide a convenient, yet controlled, method for Penn State students to directly view, and in some cases update, their own administrative data. This access ranges from viewing your unofficial transcript and course schedules to updating your local address. 2.6 Phone Directories The CAC maintains an on-line telephone directory system called PH (short for phone). This directory contains information for Penn State students, faculty and staff. The PH server is updated weekly to provide more current and complete information than the printed directories. PH can display a person's email address, home and work address, phone numbers, campus, department, title, and other information. The directory is accessible by everyone on the Internet, and people may use it to find your email address. 2.7 Dialup Access Dialup service allows an individual with a computer, modem, and phone to connect to the Penn State network and the global Internet. This connection has all the capabilities of a "hardwire" connection such as Ethernet, but is not as fast. The dialup access phone number (814) 863-7777 connects you to the CAC information access server. Recently the Office of Telecommunications (OTC) and the Center for Academic Computing (CAC) announce additional locations and numbers for dialup access to the Penn State network and the Internet as follows: Hazleton 717-450-7451 York 717-846-3824 Harrisburg 717-948-9162 Altoona 814-949-6436 These numbers, each with 8 modems, are functionally equivalent to the University Park service at 814-863-7777, providing an authenticated connection for a wide variety of network applications. This project is supported by OTC, CAC, and the administration of each campus. Additional locations (Allentown, Beaver, Berks, Delaware, DuBois, Erie, Fayette, Great Valley, McKeesport, Mont Alto, New Kensington, Ogontz, Schuylkill, Scranton, Shenango, and Wilkes Barre) are funded and will be announced as equipment is obtained and installed. 2.8 Clients and Servers It is important to understand that network services are provided by several different computers, and that you no longer "log into" a single machine to do different things. Now, for a particular task you connect to a server (a program) with the right kind of client (another program). The client and server converse in a well-defined language or protocol. One server may be running on a different computer than another. For example, the access server (access.psu.edu) provides dialup connections and a menu for changing your password. The mail server (email.psu.edu) holds and delivers your email. The news server (news.psu.edu) stores news articles, and delivers to you the ones you want to read. These all run on different computers today, but might be on the same or another computer tomorrow, and you'll never need to know the hardware was changed. 3. Access Accounts ================================================= An Access Account is an assigned user ID (also referred to as a "userid") and password that enables Penn State faculty, staff, and students to access information services. 3.1 Purpose You need an Access Account if you want to do any of the following: * use email and do not have email on another system; * connect with a modem; * post articles to Netnews from a news client on a public machine or a machine not specifically authorized for posting; * access any private newsgroup you may be authorized to use; * change your PH directory entry; or * look up your academic records in the OASIS system. If you simply want to use Gopher or read Netnews, and your computer already has a backbone connection, you do not need an Access Account. Note that an Access Account alone does not enable you to use systems such as PSUVM, PSUADMIN, or the Sun Workstation Cluster. You must apply for a separate account in order to use these systems. The CAC Computer Accounts office can provide more information about other computer accounts. Your department or college can also provide information about internal computer resources and accounts. 3.2 Access Accounts for Students Upon registration, students are automatically assigned Access Accounts, so do not need to apply for one. To obtain a user ID and password, a students must present a Penn State photo ID to CAC staff at any of the following locations: staffed CAC labs, Help Desks in 12 Willard Building or 215 Computer Building, or the Computer Accounts office in 230 Computer Building. At locations other than University Park, inquire at your local computer lab. It may take up to 24 hours to activate your account after you request your user ID and password. 3.3 Access Accounts for Faculty and Staff Faculty and staff must apply for an access account by any one of the following methods: (1) Complete and return an application form, available at CAC Help Desks or the Computer Accounts office. (2) Apply for an account in IBM computer labs at University Park and some CES campuses from the DOS menu system or from within Windows. Select "Access Software" from the menu items. Then under the access software menu select "Request Access Userid." In the next panel displayed, enter the requested information. From the Windows environment, click on the "User Access" icon and then click on the "Access Account" icon. Enter the requested information in the next panel displayed. (3) On PSUVM, use the CMS command APPLY. After you enter the APPLY command, the screen displays directions and prompts you for information. Upon exit from APPLY, the information is sent to the Computer Accounts office for processing. You will receive your user ID and password by email. (4) Obtain and print the postscript file accapp.eps from ftp.cac.psu.edu, directory pub/access/doc; fill it out and send it to 230 Computer Building at any of the following locations: staffed CAC labs, Help Desks in 12 Willard Building or 215 Computer Building, or the Computer Accounts office in 230 Computer Building. At locations other than University Park, see your local computer support person. 3.4 Your User ID and Password The user ID is usually your initials followed by a 1-to 3-digit number. The letters are lower case. Note that Access Account passwords are "case-sensitive." This means that upper and lower case letters are recognized as different characters. If you have a PSUVM account, your Access Account user ID will most likely be the same. Other than that, there is no connection between your PSUVM Account and Access Account or the passwords associated with them. Access Accounts remain active until graduation or termination of employment. It is very important that you remember your original password because you will need it to access the PH server, the OASIS server, and any new servers that are added. 3.5 Change Your Password You will receive one user ID and one password that will be activated in 24 hours or less. The first thing you must do after you receive your user ID and password is change your password in three places. On the Access Server you will change both the "password" and the "kpassword" fields. Then you will "login" to PH and change your password there. This is a temporary situation; we expect to use only the "kpassword" (Kerberos password) in the near future Note that the "Change password" menu items in the Macintosh and PC Eudora programs do not work at Penn State. The only way to change your password is by using the methods described below. Change Your Access Password The first time you connect to the Access Server, the server will prompt you to change your password. * If you are using a modem and software obtained from the CAC, the software will dial into the Access Server for you. The first time you connect, the Access Server will prompt you to change your password. * If you are connected to the backbone, you should telnet to access.psu.edu. The first time you connect, the Access server will prompt you to change your password. In the future, telnet to the Access Server whenever you wish to change your password again. You must change your password at least once every six months. Change Your OASIS (Kerberos) Password Next, use the "kpassword" menu item to change your OASIS (kerberos) password to the same. Although OASIS is for students, everyone should make their Access and OASIS passwords identical. Eventually your OASIS (Kerberos) password will be required for dialup and email, so it is best to change both at the same time to the same thing. To change the Kerberos (OASIS) password, also telnet to access.psu.edu, but pick the "kpassword" menu item. The first time you do this, remember that your "Old password" is your original Access Account password. Change Your PH Password To change your PH password, log into the PH server (with a PH client) and use the password command. If you don't have a PH client, telnet to access.psu.edu. Enter "PH", then "login", then your user ID, then "password". Changing All Three Passwords Via Telnet Following is a telnet session in which the user mcr changed her Access password, PH password, and OASIS (Kerberos) password. She changed her original password "xyzxyz1" to "abcabc1" for all. A "|" in the left margin indicates that the user was required to enter information. | telnet access.psu.edu AIX telnet (bell) Penn State Center for Academic Computing Protocol Server (bell.cac.psu.edu) ** This system is restricted to uses approved by Penn State University. ** IBM AIX Version 3 for RISC System/6000 (C) Copyrights by IBM and by others 1982, 1991. | login: mcr | mcr's Password: xyzxyz1 Server up 1 day, 6:06, 61 users,load average: 2.92, 2.74, 2.78 CAC serial protocol server Thu Aug 25 12:54:06 EDT 1994 port: /dev/pts/1 user: mcr Select one of the following: Command Function ------- --------------------------------------------- ppp Start Full PPP connection pctcp Start PC/TCP 2.1 or earlier PPP connection slip Start SLIP/CSLIP connection telnet Telnet to a host ph Online Telephone Directory System password Set Password kpassword Set OASIS (kerberos) Password exit Exit | Enter your choice: password Note: Your new password should not be longer than 8 characters. It must contain at least 5 letters and at least 1 non-alpha character. Changing password for "mcr" | mcr's Old password: xyzxyz1 | mcr's New password: abcabc1 | Re-enter mcr's new password: abcabc1 You should now update your OASIS (kerberos) password with the kpassword menu option. Press Return to continue CAC serial protocol server Thu Aug 25 12:55:29 EDT 1994 port: /dev/pts/1 user: mcr Select one of the following: Command Function ------- --------------------------------------------- ppp Start Full PPP connection pctcp Start PC/TCP 2.1 or earlier PPP connection slip Start SLIP/CSLIP connection telnet Telnet to a host ph Online Telephone Directory System password Set Password kpassword Set OASIS (kerberos) Password exit Exit | Enter your choice: kpassword If you have never changed your OASIS (kerberos) password, enter your original Access Account password at the "Old password:" prompt. Changing password for 'mcr' in cell 'psu.edu'. | Old password: xyzxyz1 | New password (RETURN to abort): abcabc1 | Retype new password:abcabc1 Password changed. CAC serial protocol server Thu Aug 25 12:55:46 EDT 1994 port: /dev/pts/1 user: mcr Select one of the following: Command Function ------- --------------------------------------------- ppp Start Full PPP connection pctcp Start PC/TCP 2.1 or earlier PPP connection slip Start SLIP/CSLIP connection telnet Telnet to a host ph Online Telephone Directory System password Set Password kpassword Set OASIS (kerberos) Password exit Exit | Enter your choice: ph PH Directory Services invoked $Date: 1993/06/22 13:41:41 $$Revision: 6.5 $ 100:Qi server $Revision: 2.2 $ 100:Penn State On-Line Directory 200:Database ready. | ph> login mcr Enter nameserver password: xyzxyz1 200:mcr:Hi how are you? | ph> password | Enter new password: abcabc1 | Type it again:abcabc1 200:1 entry changed. ph> exit 200:Bye! CAC serial protocol server Thu Aug 25 12:56:07 EDT 1994 port: /dev/pts/1 user: mcr Select one of the following: Command Function ------- --------------------------------------------- ppp Start Full PPP connection pctcp Start PC/TCP 2.1 or earlier PPP connection slip Start SLIP/CSLIP connection telnet Telnet to a host ph Online Telephone Directory System password Set Password kpassword Set OASIS (kerberos) Password exit Exit | Enter your choice: exit 3.6 Accessing Student Records Through OASIS The OASIS (Open Access to Student Information Systems) system is now available at University ParkÊin Shields Building and on Macintosh computers (larger than SE's, e.g. with color monitors) at CAC labs. Click on the OASIS icon. Click on the LOGIN button, and enter your Access Account user ID and your OASIS (Kerberos) password. (That is your original Access Account password unless you changed it with the "kpassword" menu item on the access server.) Once logged in, point and click for the information you want. OASIS will soon be packaged and made available for you to install on your private Macintosh, along with other client software mentioned here. A Microsoft Windows version is being developed. At locations other than University Park, there may be various Macintosh computers that have OASIS. 3.7 If You Forget Your Password You can ask the Computer Accounts office to reset it. You must present your photo ID at 230 Computer Building to make the request. If you're at a location other than University Park, see your local computer support person. 3.8 Your Email Address Your email address is in the form of userid@psu.edu, where "userid" is your Access Account user identification. Mail sent to userid@psu.edu is forwarded to the email address that is defined in the PH database. The default address is your POP mailbox (userid@email.psu.edu), but you can change it. Give everyone your address as userid@psu.edu and set the email field in the PH database. Mail sent to userid@email.psu.edu is not forwarded by the PH server. 3.9 If You Use Other Systems for Email Mail addressed to you at the general address userid@psu.edu is sent to your POPmail address userid@email.psu.edu. This is because the "email" field in the PH (electronic telephone) directory is set to the POPmail address. If you do not intend to use the POP mail server at email.psu.edu, it is important that you change your email entry so that people who look you up in the PH directory send mail to the correct address. For example, if you prefer to receive mail on your PSUVM account, you should change your email entry in PH to userid@psuvm.psu.edu (where "userid" is your Access Account userid). Use any of the following methods to change your email address entry in PH: (1) Run the PH client on a Macintosh or with the Windows client PHWin, and log in with your Access Account userid and your original password (unless you have already changed it in PH). Simply type over the email field and click save. or (2) Telnet to access.psu.edu. Use your Access Account userid and password when prompted. Enter ph for the PH menu item. Issue the commands login and make. A sample session for user ID "abc" follows: ph> login abc Enter nameserver password: 200:abc:Hi how are you? ph> make email=abc@psuvm.psu.edu 200:1 entry changed. ph> bye 200:Bye! or (3) Contact the Computer Accounts office to request the change: 230 Computer Building, (814) 865-4772, accounts@psuvm.psu.edu. Remember, your password for the PH database is your original Access Account password unless you've changed it in PH. Changing your Access Account password via the Access Server affects the POP mail server, news server, and the dialup Access Server, but not PH as of this writing. 3.10 Mail Server Space Limitations POPmail users should be aware of space limitations for incoming messages on their account: one megabyte or 1,024K bytes or 1,048,576 bytes. How many messages this holds varies with the size of the messages. A quick survey of 1,600 messages shows an average size of 1,010 bytes, so you might have space for about 1,000 messages. But one or two big ones can fill it up quickly. If the incoming mail exceeds the amount of space available, incoming messages are returned to the sender(s). This is especially true when you have subscribed to high-volume listserv mailing lists and leave for a break, holiday or the summer. When you return you may have hundreds or even thousands of mail files waiting for you. Because of software limitations the client program may not work correctly and you will be unable to access the files. The solution? Check your mail often, and don't leave messages on the server. Signoff or place on hold all mailing lists before you leave for a break or holiday. 3.11 Using Your Access Account On Your Own computer You need the following: (1) your access account, (2) a connection--either a backbone connection or modem, (3) network software, and (4) access client software. If you live in a residence hall, you need to have an Ethernet card for your personal computer and request an Individual Backbone Connection (IBC). Application forms for the IBC are available in rooms 215 and 230 of the Computer Building, and in 12 Willard Building. See the next section for more details. 3.12 Password Guidelines A password is private information. All use of the userid (or file) is assumed to be performed by the person assigned to that userid. (The userid is a unique identifier associated with the person assigned to it by the Director of the Center for Academic Computing or designee. On some computer systems it may be called an account.) You are responsible for safeguarding passwords for your userids. Passwords must not be shared. It is against policy and in most cases law to use another's account or file. Failure to conform to these restrictions may lead to suspension of userid or other action as provided by University Policy or law. The following guidelines are based upon experience and common sense. They are explicit for the Center systems. The software used to change passwords will screen for most of these guidelines as an aid in creating secure passwords. This does not relieve a person of responsibility for creating and securing a good password. These guidelines may be tailored as proper for other CAC systems with the written agreement of the Director. 1. It must be at least six characters in length. 2. It must contain at least one alphabetic and one numeric character. 3. It must be significantly different from previous passwords. 4. It cannot be the same as the userid. 5. It cannot start or end with the initials of the person issued the userid. 6. It cannot include the first, middle, or last name of the person issued the userid. 7. It should not be information easily obtainable about you. This includes license plate, social security number, telephone numbers, or street address. For the complete CAC password policy, see the document Center for Academic Computing Password Policy, available on-line and at CAC Help Desks and offices. 4. Connection Methods ============================================= 4.1 System Requirements For reasonable performance, your computer system should meet certain minimum requirements for disk space, RAM, and operating system level: * Almost any kind of Macintosh can run the Access client software. One with a hard disk makes things much easier. We recommend a system with at least 4MB of memory and System 7. * For IBM PCs a hard disk is required, and DOS version 4 or newer. For Windows clients, Windows 3.1 or newer is needed and 4MB of memory is recommended. The software you will need is generally dependent upon the type of computer you use and where you use it. Requirements for the most common situations are described below. Other circumstances may require consultation with Help Desk staff. 4.2 If You Have a Backbone Connection If your department is connected to the University backbone, you must obtain network and client software. If a backbone connection is available, use this method of connection rather than a modem and phoneÊit's much faster. Departmental backbone connections must be arranged with the Office of Telecommunications (OTC) by your department. Network software can be purchased from the Microcomputer Order Center (MOC) in 12 Willard Building. If you don't know whether a backbone connection and network software are available, ask the computer support person in your department or college. The administrative offices of your work unit can provide contact information. 4.3 If You Use a Modem If your machine is not connected to the backbone, you must use a modem and a phone line to connect. Your modem should support "V.42bis " which at 14400 "baud " is the fastest that is supported. Slower modems work, but may be too slow for some functions. If you're considering the purchase of a modem for connecting to the Access dialup server, be sure that you can return it in case it doesn't work. We recommend an external (rather than internal) modem with lights. Lights help you see what's going on during transmission of data. Ideally, your modem should be capable of being upgraded to "V.34 ", an emerging protocol. In addition to a modem, you must get the software that enables your modem to connect to the network. 4.4 If You Live in a Residence Hall A very high-speed "Ethernet " connection to the backbone is provided by request to students who live in University Park residence halls. An ethernet connection is the best way for students to use their Access Accounts. If you wish to request a backbone connection in your residence hall room, first verify that your computer has an Ethernet card. Then you must apply for an Individual Backbone Connection (IBC) by completing and returning the form on page 19. You will also need to obtain your Access Account user ID and password, network software, and client software. If you do not already have an Ethernet card, you must obtain one before you apply for an IBC connection so that you can supply the Ethernet card address on the application form. Requests for connection cannot be processed without this information. The Microcomputer Order Center in 22 Willard Building offers special Access packages for residence hall students. Stop in or call (814) 865-2100 for information. After you submit the IBC form, the Computer Accounts office will assign you a host name, an Internet address, and a data port. The OTC Network Management Center will contact you when your data port is ready for use. You will not be able to use the Access services until OTC tells you that your data port is active. Consulting help is available from the CAC Help Desk in 12 Willard Building. If you need additional help with installation of the network and client software, the Help Desk will have a student consultant contact you to set up an appointment in your residence hall room. You must arrange to have an RA present while the consultant is in your room. Call (814) 863-1035 for more information or to arrange an appointment. 4.5 If You Use the CAC Labs Microcomputer labs are already configured with the appropriate access software, but you must have your Access Account information and you will need diskettes for using email or Netnews and for saving your files. Access software is available in all CAC labs on both IBM and Macintosh computers except for the Macintosh SE's and IBM PS/2 Model 30's. Users of the CAC's Unix clusters can use client software to access news, Gopher, and phone directory services. News is accessible with tin, rn, or trn from terminal sessions and with xrn from X Windows sessions. Gopher may be accessed with Gopher from terminal sessions or xGopher from X Windows. Directory services may be accessed with ph in terminal sessions or xph from X Windows. At present, no POPmail software is installed on the CAC Unix Clusters. Client software for Unix is available by anonymous FTP from ftp.cac.psu.edu in the directory pub/access/unix. 5. Access Software ================================================= After you establish your hardware connection, you must obtain and install both network and client software. This section describes packages supported by the CAC. "Network" software enables you to connect to another computer and transmit or receive data. You can use any TCP/IP software that works for you. "Client" software enables you to access electronic information services. The client is used to request services from a "server" running on a remote system. Some CAC-developed packages include both network and client software. For up-to-date information about Access software and issues, see the Netnews newsgroup psu.cac.access. This newsgroup displays discussions of issues related to information access. In addition, an Access FAQ (a list of frequently asked questions and answers) is periodically posted there. The following sections describe what software you need for DOS, Windows, and Macintosh environments. Documentation explaining how to use the individual packages is included with the software. 5.1 DOS Software If you have a backbone connection and use DOS, you need the network software CACBACKB or PC/TCP. If you use a modem you need CACSLIP. CACBACKB and CACSLIP are free packages assembled by CAC staff that are relatively easy to install and include the clients NUPop (for email), Trumpet (for Netnews), and PC Gopher (for Gopher). PC/TCP software can be purchased for about $70 at the MOC. Only Penn State departments, colleges, and students are eligible to buy PC/TCP. Use one of the following methods to obtain Access software for DOS: (1) - Go to an IBM PS/2 at any CAC public lab. - Select the item "Access Software" in the DOS menu. - In the next menu select "Acquire Access Software." - Select the packages you want. The files will be copied from ftp.cac.psu.edu to your diskette. The "README" file tells you what to do when you get back to your own machine. or (2) FTP to ftp.cac.psu.edu and look in the directory pub/access for the following directories: pub/access/dos Packages for DOS pub/access/doc Documentation related to the Access Project pub/access/test New versions of packages being tested/reviewed In each of these directories is an 00-index file with the name of each file in that directory, a brief description of what that file is, and whether the file should be transferred as binary or text. All the software packages are packaged as self-extracting archives and should be transferred as "binary." Each directory also has a "README" file with instructions on what to do with the files after you get them, including how to install the software. Briefly, the files include: cacslip.exe All-in-one package for use with modem; includes clients (nothing else to get) cacbackb.exe All-in-one package for ethernet or token ring includes clients (nothing else to get) gopherp.exe PC Gopher III, for PC/TCP or packet drivers nupopf.exe NUPop (mail and other utilities) for PC/TCP or packet drivers, also supports PH queries but DOS users must telnet to access.psu.edu to change their PH entry trumpetf.exe News reader for FTP Software's PC/TCP trumpetp.exe News reader for packet drivers or (3) Take two new blank 3.5" DS/DD diskettes to the Help Desk in 12 Willard Building, where you can trade them for diskettes containing the software. 5.2 Windows Software The Windows clients work with any TCP/IP software that provides the "Windows Sockets" interface. If you already have FTP Software's PC/TCP package, the clients should work. The CAC has site-licensed the package "Trumpet Winsock." This package is available free to students, faculty, and staff. We have also written an installation program called CACTWIN that installs and configures Trumpet Winsock and the clients. It is for either dial-up (SLIP) or packet-driver (LAN or IBC) connection. If you have Windows for Workgroups 3.11 and a LAN connection, the Microsoft TCP/IP- 32 for Windows for Workgroups is recommended. It can be obtained free by "FTPing" to ftp.microsoft.com (look in directory peropsys/wfw/tcpip). The CACTWIN package and other options are evolving rapidly. Watch the newsgroup psu.cac.access for up-to-date information. Note that the email client Eudora in addition to Gopher clients supported by the CAC provide for queries of the on-line phone directory, PH. The PH client PHWin for Windows can be used to both query the database and change your entry. Use one of the following methods to obtain Access software for Windows. (1) - Go to an IBM PS/2 at any CAC public lab. - Select the item "Access Software" in the DOS menu. - In the next menu select "Acquire Access Software." - Select the packages you want. The files will be copied from ftp.cac.psu.edu to your diskette. The "README" file tells you what to do when you get back to your own machine. or (2) FTP to ftp.cac.psu.edu and look in the directory pub/access for the following directories: pub/access/windows Packages for Microsoft Windows pub/access/windows/more Additional Windows software pub/access/doc Documentation related to Access pub/access/test New versions of packages under testing/review In each of these directories is an 00-index file with the name of each file in that directory, a brief description of what that file is, and whether the file should be transferred as binary or text. All the software packages are packaged as self-extracting archives and should be transferred as "binary." Each directory also has a "README" file with instructions on what to do with the files after you get them, including how to install the software. Read the 00-index file first. Files include: cactwin1.exe CACTWIN disk 1 (Note that CACTWIN may not be cactwin2.exe CACTWIN disk 2 available until mid-September) hgopherp.exe Gopher pceudora.exe Email wintrump.exe News reader qws3270.exe 3270 Telnet ws_ftpp.exe FTP client These all work with any TCP/IP software that provides the Windows Sockets API (application programming interface). or (3) Take two 3.5" DS/DD new blank diskettes to the Help Desk in 12 Willard Building, where you can trade them for diskettes containing the software. 5.3 Macintosh Software If you have a backbone connection, you need the MacTCP network software and the following clients: Eudora (for email), Nuntius (for Netnews), and TurboGopher (for Gopher). If you use a modem you need both the MacPPP and MacTCP network software, plus the following clients: Eudora (for email), Nuntius (for Netnews), and TurboGopher (for Gopher). MacTCP can be purchased from the MOC for about $8. The other software can be obtained by using any of the following methods: (1) - Go to a Macintosh computer in a CAC public lab. - Launch FETCH from the Local:Apps:Communications:Fetch xxx folder. (Fetch is the FTP program for the Macintosh.) - In the first dialog, if the Host isn't ftp.cac.psu.edu, then click the down-arrow next to Shortcuts and select CAC. For Password put your email address (userid@psu.edu) and next to Directory put pub/access/mac. - Click OK, and you'll soon be connected and looking at the correct directory. Put your first blank diskette in the drive. - Select one or more files and click on Get Files. - Select the diskette (found on the desktop, often called "Untitled") as the place to save the file(s). or (2) Use Fetch to FTP to ftp.cac.psu.edu and look in the directory pub/access for the following directories: pub/access/mac Packages for Macintosh pub/access/doc Documentation related to Access pub/access/test New versions of packages being tested/reviewed In each of these directories is an 00-index file with the name of each file in that directory, a brief description of what that file is, and whether the file should be transferred as binary or text. All the software packages are packaged as self-extracting archives and should be transferred as "binary." Each directory also has a "README" file with instructions on what to do with the files after you get them, including how to install the software. Briefly, the files in pub/access/mac are: macppp.bin For connecting with a modem (works with MacTCP) eudora.bin Email internews.bin News reader turbogopher.bin Gopher ph.bin For updating your phone directory entry fetch.bin FTP client for copying files tn3270.bin Telnet for logging on PSUVM or oas.psu.edu telnet.bin NCSA telnet or (3) Take three 3.5" DS/HD or four 3.5" DS/DD new blank diskettes to the Help Desk in 12 Willard Building, where you can trade them for diskettes containing the software. 6. Instruction and Support =========================================== 6.1 Seminars The CAC presents seminars on a wide variety of computer topics, including information access on DOS, Windows, and Macintosh. Seminars on Gopher, Internet, and the University Libraries' services can help you get started with understanding and using methods for accessing on- line resources. Seminar schedules are published in September and January. Copies are mailed to all fulltime faculty and are also distributed to Help Desk and lab locations. Schedules are posted on-line in Gopher and on PSUVM. On PSUVM, use the SEMINARS command to view information and register electronically. To obtain a seminar schedule, call Jean Cowher at (814) 863-4356 or send email to ajc@psuvm.psu.edu. 6.2 Consulting Services Help Desk For assistance with computer use, contact the CAC Help Desk at the following locations and times. 12 Willard Building Voice/TDD: (814) 863-1035 Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Sunday through Thursday, 7:00 to 10:00 p.m. (Summer evening hours: 6:00 to 9:00 p.m.) 215 Computer Building Voice/TDD: (814) 863-2494 Monday through Thursday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Electronic mail address: helpdesk@psu.edu Consulting at Computer Labs At CAC labs, student consultants can help with computer use and software. However, they are not permitted to help with course assignments. 6 Findlay Commons Lab Sunday through Thursday: 7:00 to 11:00 p.m. (Closed in summer) 316 Hammond Building Lab Monday through Friday: 1:00 to 4:00 p.m. Sunday through Thursday: 7:00 to 11:00 p.m. (Summer evening hours: 6:00 to 10:00 p.m.) 112 Redifer Commons Lab Sunday through Thursday: 7:00 to 11:00 p.m. (Summer evening hours: 6:00 to 10:00 p.m.) 107 Waring Commons Lab Sunday through Thursday: 7:00 to 11:00 p.m. (Closed in summer) 6.3 Computer Accounts Office The CAC Computer Accounts office processes applications for Access Accounts, PSUVM accounts, and workstation accounts. Staff at this office can assist with userid and password questions and problems. The Computer Accounts office is located in 230 Computer Building at University Park. Hours are Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. If you have difficulty stopping in during those hours, call (814) 865-4772 or by sending email to accounts@psuvm.psu.edu. 6.4 Microcomputer Order Center The Microcomputer Order Center (MOC) located in 22 Willard Building provides educational discounts on computer systems, peripherals, and hundreds of software packages. Systems and software packages can be evaluated at the Systems Evaluation Laboratory nearby in 12 Willard Building. For further information or assistance, call the MOC at (814) 865-2100 or (800) 251-9281 or send email to moc@psuvm.psu.edu. Orders can be placed Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. 7. References ======================================================= -- Instructions for using software distributed by the CAC are included with the software. -- Many documents are available on-line through Gopher. To access documents in Gopher that are related to using the Access services, select "Penn State Information" from the main menu, and then select "Computing" and "Information Access." To find other CAC documents, select "Penn State Information" and then select "Computing," "Center for Academic Computing," and "Documentation and Training." -- Documents can also be obtained from the CAC's FTP server ftp.cac.psu.edu in the directory pub/access/docs. -- For ongoing information and discussion on Access, read the "psu.cac.access" newsgroup on-line in Netnews. An Access FAQ, a list of frequently asked questions and answers about electronic information access at Penn State, is maintained and periodically posted to this newsgroup. -- "Internexus" is the handout from the Internet seminar sponsored by C&IS and the University Libraries. Included are the following sections which are also available as separate documents on Gopher: -- Introduction to the Internet -- Simple Introduction to Telnet -- Simple Introduction to FTP -- Simple Introduction to LISTSERV Conferencing -- Simple Introduction to Usenet NEWS -- Simple Introduction to Gopher -- Simple Introduction to LIAS and the Internet -- Policies on computer use are available at CAC Help Desks, other offices of the CAC, and administrative offices of Penn State departments and colleges. -- "Where to Start for New Internet Users," by Jim Milles, is a comprehensive listing of electronic and printed resources. This list is available by anonymous FTP from sluaxa.slu.edu, directory /pub/millesjg, filename newusers.faq. It may also be obtained by email by sending a message to LISTSERV@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu containing only the following line: GET NEWUSERS FAQ NETTRAIN F=MAIL An excerpt from this list follows: LaQuey, Tracy. The Internet Companion: A Beginner's Guide to Global Networking. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1992. (Read this first; the best guide for the true beginner, useful even for the pre-beginner who has not yet signed on to the Internet.) Krol, Ed. The Whole Internet: User's Guide & Catalog. Sebastapol, CA: O'Reilly & Associates, 1992. (Read this after LaQuey; much more in-depth and comprehensive, at this writing Krol is the essential guide to the Internet.) Aboba, Bernard. The Online User's Encyclopedia: Bulletin Boards and Beyond. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1994 (forthcoming). (A remarkably useful and comprehensive work, covering everything from the basics of computer communications, to using local bulletin boards, to the intricacies of the Internet.) Dern, Daniel P. The Internet Guide for New Users. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1994. (Dern is the editor of Internet World magazine and author of numerous articles on the Internet in many other publications.) Fraase, Michael. The Mac Internet Tour Guide: Cruising the Internet the Easy Way. Chapel Hill NC: Ventana Press, 1993. (The first Internet guide written for Macintosh users; includes a 800K disc containing useful software.) Kehoe, Brendan. Zen and the Art of the Internet: A Beginner's Guide. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall, 1993. (One of the first and most popular guides to the Internet. The first edition was distributed for free on the Internet, and is still available at many anonymous ftp sites, e.g. nic.merit.edu, directory /introducing.the.internet, filename zen.txt.) Kochmer, Jonathan and NorthWestNet. The Internet Passport: NorthWestNet's Guide to Our World Online. 4th ed. Bellevue, WA: NorthWestNet, 1993. (A comprehensive guide to Internet resources, comparable to Krol's The Whole Internet but even broader in scope. It covers a number of areas that other guides ignore.) Marine, April; Kirkpatric, Susan; Neou, Vivian; and Ward, Carol. Internet: Getting Started. Menlo Park, California: SRI International, 1992. (Includes useful information how to obtain Internet access, as well as other technical reference material.) Quarterman, John S. The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide. Bedford, MA: Digital Press, 1990. (A comprehensive guide to the history and present--as of 1990--state of the Internet and its component and related networks. Recommended for those who want to learn the background and history of the Internet.) Tennant, Roy, John Ober, & Anne G. Lipow. Crossing the Internet Threshold: An Instructional Handbook. Berkeley, CA: Library Solutions Press, 1993. (Includes helpful fact sheets on various Internet tools from ftp and telnet to archie, gopher, WAIS, and World-Wide Web.) Yanoff, Scott. "Special Internet Connections" (updated frequently). A list of interesting and useful selection showing the broad range of Internet resources, including a few Online Public Access Catalogs, chat lines, weather servers, Campus Wide Information Systems, and other reference resources. Available via anonymous ftp from csd4.csd.uwm.edu, directory /pub, filename inet.services.txt. Engle, Mary, Marilyn Lutz, William W. Jones, Jr., and Genevieve Engel. Internet Connections: A Librarian's Guide to Dial-Up Access and Use. Lita Monographs 3. Chicago: Library and Information Technology Association, 1993. -- The following publications can be obtained through the Penn State Bookstore: Eudora: Bringing the P.O. to Where You Live, by Carolyn Gedney et al. University of Illinois, 1988-1992. QUALCOMM, Inc. 1992. (For Macintosh users.) Internet Gopher User's Guide. Edited by Paul Lindner. University of Minnesota, 1993. 8. Appendix ========================================================= Access Servers When you use the access services, you connect to the information server associated with the particular service. The client software programs are already pre-configured with the correct server addresses. The access servers and their respective electronic addresses follow. Server Address Access access.psu.edu Email email.psu.edu News server news.psu.edu Gopher info.psu.edu Phone directory ph.psu.edu World Wide Web www.psu.edu Other Network Information If you are installing your own TCP/IP software, this information may be helpful: OTC nameserver: 128.118.25.3 (main PSU nameserver) CAC nameserver: 128.118.58.11 (recommended if dialing in) Backup nameservers: 130.203.1.4, 130.203.3.2 Time server: clock.psu.edu For dialup connections, you will be on an 8-bit subnet, so the netmask is 255.255.255.0. For SLIP and CSLIP connections, the server displays a dynamically assigned IP address, the gateway address, and the netmask. Your scripting software should pick out the IP address and gateway address, and reset them. If developing a script for software not supplied by the CAC, it is best to dial in with a plain ASCII terminal emulator to see what the server types out. UART Specifications for DOS Machines What kind of UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter) do you have? Find out by running MSD.EXE (Microsoft Diagnostic; it comes with Windows). Choose the COM port box and it will tell you all kinds of information about your COM ports, including the type of UART. In general it is not possible to run any DOS-based SLIP or PPP package (CACSLIP, Lanera SLIP, PC/TCP PPP, etc.) in Windows enhanced mode unless you have a 16550A UART. Unless you have an IBM PS/2 computer chances are good you have either an 8250 UART or a 16450 UART. If you do not have a 16550A UART your choices are to - buy one--it's well worth the money; - run Windows in standard mode; or - run SLIP/PPP routines under straight DOS. If You Use PSUVM If you have an account on PSUVM, you can use the commands MAIL, NETNEWS, GOPHER, or PHLIST. However, you should be aware that certain PSUVM accounts expire at the end of the semester, whereas your Access Account remains active until graduation or termination of employment. Also, PSUVM does not have the capability to display all the items found on Gopher such as pictures and sound. You may find the microcomputer clients easier to use and more convenient. For example, Eudora, the email client available for Macintosh and Windows enables you to attach a Microsoft Word document or binary file to a mail message. Using FTP on PSUVM If you FTP the files to your PSUVM account, you should reformat the files on VM with the CMS command LREC512 before downloading them to your personal computer. An example of the LREC512 command follows: lrec512 nupopf exebin a nupopf exebin e You must reformat the files first because the PCTRANS command on VM (or the PCXYTERM front-end) that is used to copy files to a personal computer running YTerm (DOS) or Tincan (Macintosh) is limited to records of length 512 bytes. "FTP­ing" binary files results in records of up to 8192 bytes. Dialup Services Software distributed by the CAC contains up-to-date telephone numbers. As of 8/25/94, the following numbers are in service: University Park 814-863-7777 Altoona 814-949-6436 Harrisburg 717-948-9162 York 717-846-3824 Hazleton 717-450-7451 The following numbers are assigned, but not in service as of 8/25/94: Fayette 412-437-9701 Great Valley 610-408-0971 McKeesport 412-664-9208 Mont Alto 717-749-6011 Ogontz 215-887-6805 Scranton 717-963-3109 Shenango 412-983-5033 Read the news group psu.cac.access for notices of when those numbers become available for use, and when these locations are added: Allentown, Beaver, Berks, Delaware, DuBois, Erie, Fayette, New Kensington, Ogontz, Schulykill, and Wilkes Barre. All modems can answer at 2400, 9600, and 14400 baud. However, with compression, your communication port may run faster. V.22, V.32, V.32bis, V.42 and V.42bis communications standards are supported. At locations other than Unversity Park, Xyplex terminal servers pass asynchronous connections through to a serial protocol server at University Park, which is a duplicate of the server that connections via 814-863-7777 use. This may add a slight delay depending on the current traffic to and from that campus. 9. Glossary ======================================================= Access Account--An Access Account is an assigned userid (user ID) and password that enables Penn State faculty, staff, and students to access information services. The userid is usually your initials followed by a 1-to 3-digit number. Backbone--a mechanism for connection of a distributed system of computers. CAC--acronym for Center for Academic Computing, principal service unit responsible for academic computing at Penn State. The CAC provides computing and related information technology services to the academic community. CACBACKB--a free software package assembled by the CAC for DOS users. This package includes the clients for email, Netnews, and Gopher. CACSLIP--acronym for the CAC's customized version of the Serial Line Interface Protocol (SLIP), an Internet protocol for transmission of IP packets over serial lines. CACTWIN--an installation program for Microsoft Windows that installs and configures Trumpet Winsock, TCP/IP, and various clients and utilities. Client/server technology--the capability of using software on one computer to request information from software on another computer. Client software--software that enables a computer to communicate with a specific program on another computer in order to access and exchange information. DOS--acronym for Disk Operating System for IBM microcomputers and compatibles. Electronic mail (email)--messages that are sent electronically from one computer user to another. Ethernet--a combination of hardware and software that enables exchange of information between two computers. Ethernet Card--a board that can be installed in a computer to add Ethernet capability. Eudora--a recommended client software program that enables electronic mail on a Macintosh computer or an IBM/DOS computer running Windows. Freeware--software that is free to copy and use without restriction. FTP--acronym for File Transfer Protocol, a program that can copy files to and from different computers that are connected via networks that use the TCP/IP protocols. FTP server--a computer used for storage of files that can be obtained by using FTP software. The CAC FTP server name is ftp.cac.psu.edu. Gopher--software that provides a structured, menu-based interface to Internet information. HGopher--software for using Gopher from an IBM/DOS computer running Windows. Individual Backbone Connection (IBC)--a high-speed connection to the Penn State backbone provided by request to students who live in residence halls at University Park. Internet--connects computers around the world through the TCP/IP protocol. Internet resources include on-line library catalogs, research databases, electronic journals, discussion groups, and much more. InterNews--software for accessing Netnews from a Macintosh computer. IP packet--a unit of data, each with the sender and destination address, sent across a network using the Internet Protocol (IP). TCP breaks up large messages into many small IP packets for IP transmission. TCP then reassembles the IP packets at the destination. Modem--equipment used to connect a computer to another computer by phone. Netnews an Internet electronic bulletin board and conferencing system, also known as Usenet. Newsgroup--an information category in Netnews. NuPOP--an IBM DOS software program for electronic mail. Operating System--a set of instructions that directs and controls functions on a computer. Office of Telecommunications (OTC)--a division of Computer and Information Systems responsible for designing, providing, and supporting the telecommunications systems at Penn State. The telecommunication systems accommodate all aspects of voice, video, and data communications used by Penn State's academic and administrative offices. Password--a security code used to authenticate identity that must be entered before a computer connection can be completed. POPmail--a type of software that enables you to use electronic mail on your personal computer. (POP stands for Post Office Protocol). POPmail allows a host computer to act as a mail server, analogous to a post office box. PPP--acronym for Point-to-Point protocol (PPP), a protocol for transmission of IP packets over serial lines. Protocol--a formal description of message formats and the rules two computers must follow to exchange messages. Protocols can describe low-level details of machine-to-machine interfaces (e.g. the order in which bits and bytes are sent across a wire) or high-level exchanges between allocation programs (e.g. the way in which two programs transfer a file across the Internet). [Definition from 2Internet Users' Glossary by G. Malkin, Xylogics, Inc. and T. LaQuey Parker of the University of Texas, January 1993.] PSUVM--the operating system of the ES/9000-740 IBM academic mainframe computer operated by the Center for Academic Computing. Also referred to as VM/CMS, VM, or CMS. Server--a computer with software and/or files that provides service to other computers. Shareware--software that can be copied and used with the stipulation that a fee be paid with continued use after a specified trial period. SLIP--acronym for the Serial Line Interface Protocol (SLIP), a protocol for transmission of IP packets over serial lines. SMTP--acronym for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol used for transferring mail between computers. TCP/IP--the networking protocol that is the fundamental building block of the Internet. Telnet--software for creating a terminal connection for logging into a remote Internetconnected computer. Trumpet--software for accessing Netnews from an IBM/DOS computer. TurboGopher--software for using Gopher from a Macintosh computer. User ID (userid)--a unique identifier associated with the person assigned to it by the Director of the Center for Academic Computing or designee. On some computer systems it may be called an account. The userid is usually your initials followed by a 1-to 3-digit number. WinTrumpet--software for accessing Netnews from an IBM/DOS computer running Windows. World Wide Web (WWW)--WWW servers provide a network of information delivered with "hypertext" and "hypermedia." 10. Application Forms =============================================== Forms are not provided in this version of the guide. They can be obtained at CAC Help Desks in 12 Willard Building and 215 Computer Building, and in the Computer Accounts office in 230 Computer Building. A postscript version of the Access Account application form is available by FTP from ftp.cac.psu.edu, directory pub/access/doc, file accapp.eps. 11. Acknowledgements =============================================== This information was compiled and written by staff of the Center for Academic Computing at Penn State. Director: Russell S. Vaught Deputy Director: Jim Kerlin Project Manager: Chris Sacksteder Project Directors: Jeff Almoney John Harwood Kathy Mayberry Al Williams Contributors: Dan Bernitt Gene Brunner Scott Dickson John Donovan George Falkenstern Bob Fowles Susan Gavazzi John Hershbine Daryl Hoffman Skip Knoble Carl Knowlton Linda Littleton Holly Lord Kathy Mayberry Steve Peterson Mary Ramsey Colleen Regan Jeff Rich Mimi Ridenour Ken Rosenberry Chris Sacksteder Gerry Santoro Steve Schrader Chester M. Smith, Jr. Bill Verity Special thanks are due to Jim Milles, Head of Computer Services, Saint Louis University Law Library, millesjg@sluvca.slu.edu, for his list of Internet references. Editors: Mimi Ridenour Chris Sacksteder Linda Littleton U.Ed. CAC 95-6, August 1994